Relaxation of water-filled blisters via flow through the subglacial drainage system

The drainage efficiency of the subglacial water system evolves during the melt season. However, direct measurement of drainage efficiency under 1000-meters thick ice is challenging. We previously demonstrated that surface observations of rapid lake drainage induced uplifts can be used to assess subglacial transmissivity beneath the ice sheet. When a lake drains, the water reaches the interface between the ice and bed and forms a water-filled blister. This water then drains through the subglacial drainage system. In this study, we use mathematical models to examine the behavior of surface uplift relaxation resulting from different types of drainage systems, including a laminar water sheet, a turbulent water sheet, and a turbulent subglacial channel. Combined with surface GPS observations of five lakes, we showed that the model can be used to study the evolution of subglacial drainage efficiency.