Numerical optimization of drinking water distribution network design: ideas and questions provided by practice

In the past decades, the potential of numerical optimization for the automated design of drinking water distribution networks has been extensively studied. In particular, evolutionary algorithms have been shown to be a powerful and versatile tool for several design tasks. In the past few years in the Netherlands, drinking water utilities have started to embrace this approach more and more to explore new design philosophies as well as to address immediate asset management decision challenges. Key to meaningful application has been the possibility to iteratively and flexibly develop the optimization problem throughout the design process. The traditional 'benchmark problems' from academia provide a strong starting point for a design process, giving utility experts a taste of the possibilities. Subsequently, however, the problem definition has to be adapted and fine-tuned in order to keep up with the evolving perspective of the utility experts on the design problem. During this type of practical implementation, it frequently occurs that questions emerge which greatly increase the complexity of the optimization task without an approach being readily available from scientific literature, requiring workarounds to be created on the spot. Here, we present recent examples of such questions and their workarounds, which we ran into while tackling different practical design challanges, namely: how to incorporate topology optimization into regular pipe dimension optimization for a network in Belgium; how to incorporate topology and project cost optimization into sectorization of the network of The Hague; and how to incorporate optimal utilization of different water sources into regular pipe dimension optimization of the water distribution network of Amsterdam.