SSS9.10 | The irrigation challenges to cover social issues in the XXI century
EDI
The irrigation challenges to cover social issues in the XXI century
Co-organized by HS13
Convener: Leonor Rodriguez-Sinobas | Co-conveners: Daniele MasseroniECSECS, Giuseppe Provenzano, Alejandro Pérez-Pastor
Orals
| Thu, 27 Apr, 08:30–10:10 (CEST)
 
Room K2
Posters on site
| Attendance Thu, 27 Apr, 14:00–15:45 (CEST)
 
Hall X3
Posters virtual
| Attendance Thu, 27 Apr, 14:00–15:45 (CEST)
 
vHall SSS
Orals |
Thu, 08:30
Thu, 14:00
Thu, 14:00
This session offers an opportunity to present studies or professional works regarding irrigated agriculture, either with disciplinary or multidisciplinary approaches, to provide solutions for the society's challenges in the XXI century, in the following areas:
• The resilience of irrigated areas at different spatial scales, mainly when water and soil are limiting factors.
• Estimation of crop transpiration/crop water requirement, even considering the possibility to apply controlled water deficit conditions.
• Coupling natural and human systems where ground and surface water and land are limiting resources for irrigation
• Safety in marginal water use in irrigated agriculture
• Traditional, novel, and transitional technologies for irrigation management, control and practical application at different spatial scales.
• Reducing the cost of technology monitoring soil and plant water status, improving the quality of data acquired from the sensors, as well as integrating the acquired data into an easy-to-use Decision Support System.
• Potential of available remotely and proximal sensed data, mainly referring to those platforms and instruments acquiring frequently high-resolution data, to tackle current and future irrigation problems at different spatial scales.
• Improving the integration of climate change scenarios and weather forecasts into agro-hydrological models and decision support systems to improve decisions in irrigation management and safe surface water-groundwater interactions.

Posters and oral communications are available. Likewise, a Special Issue is foreseen.

Orals: Thu, 27 Apr | Room K2

Chairpersons: Leonor Rodriguez-Sinobas, Daniele Masseroni, Alejandro Pérez-Pastor
08:30–08:35
08:35–08:40
Irrigated agriculture practices and technology coping with water scarcity
08:40–08:50
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EGU23-525
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SSS9.10
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ECS
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Highlight
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On-site presentation
Matteo Ippolito, Dario De Caro, and Giuseppe Provenzano

Optical and thermal sensors installed on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) can be considered a technological innovation for precision farming. The visible and thermal regions of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum provide useful information to assess the quality of crop growth and monitor plant water status. Accurate measurements of plant water status with high-resolution thermal images associated with high-efficiency irrigation systems can be a suitable solution to improve energy and water saving.

The objective of this work was to estimate and compare the Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI) obtained in a citrus orchard irrigated with two different irrigation systems, by using a UAS equipped with a thermal camera.

The experiment was carried out in a commercial citrus orchard located in the Northwest of Sicily, Italy, during the irrigation season of 2022. Optical and thermal high-resolution images were acquired at noon on August 23 and 25, and September 2 over two plots, the first of which was irrigated with a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) and the second with a micro-sprinkler (MSI). Hourly crop reference evapotranspiration, ETo, and Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) were calculated by using the weather variables measured by a standard weather station installed in the field, while the plant water status was monitored at an hourly time scale, through three microtensiometers (FloraPulse, Davis, CA) embedded into the woody tissue of trees considered representative of the two irrigation systems. For each thermal image, characterized by a thermal spatial resolution of 15 cm,  soil pixels were initially removed; then, the dry and wet reference temperatures, Tdry and Twet, were estimated as the 0.5 and 99.5 percentiles of the canopy temperature. The values of CWSI were finally calculated based on the maximum Tdry and minimum Twet obtained in the two plots during the examined days.

Vapor pressure deficit and crop reference evapotranspiration resulted in quite similar values in the three days, with hourly VPD and ETo at noon ranging between 1.49 and 1.65 kPa, and between 0.50 and 0.62 mm, respectively. Irrigation heights provided in the examined period resulted equal to 65 mm in a single application in the MSI plot and 48 mm, equally distributed in eight irrigation events, in the SDI plot. In the latter plot, the values of daily stem water potential ranged between -0.5 and -1.1 MPa during the entire period with values of the corresponding CWSI between 0.22 and 0.28; on the other hand, in the plot irrigated with the MSI system the values tended to decline to a daily range between -1.1 and -1.3 MPa as a consequence of the soil drying between consecutive waterings with values of CWSI ranging between 0.30 and 0.34. The analysis showed that both plots were characterized by low water stress levels. However, despite the lower irrigation volume supplied by the SDI system, the values of CWSI resulted always lower than those obtained under the MSI system, confirming the potential of the SDI system to improve water use efficiency. 

How to cite: Ippolito, M., De Caro, D., and Provenzano, G.: Using unmanned aircraft system to estimate crop water stress index in a citrus orchard under different irrigation systems, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-525, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-525, 2023.

08:50–09:00
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EGU23-16082
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SSS9.10
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ECS
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Highlight
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Virtual presentation
Juan Claudio Nowack, Luz Karime Atencia, María Gómez del Campo, and Ana María Tarquis

Water status in vineyards is a determining factor, given its relationship with productive and physiological parameters such as vegetative growth, berry ripening, yield and overall wine quality. In-field measurements, through a pressure chamber, provide very accurate and reliable measurements of midday stem water potential (Ψstem), a direct method for determining a plant’s water status by quantifying the tension with which water is retained in the leaf. Despite the robustness of this method, it is not practically applied to extensive commercial vineyards as it is a labour-intensive practice which can narrowly evaluate the significant intra-field variability. Remote sensing offers large-scale information at a single point in time without the need to be physically present in the field. This study aims to assess the use of multispectral imagery from Worldview-3, a commercial satellite, as a tool to indirectly estimate water status in the vineyard through different Vegetation Indexes (VI).

This research was carried out in a commercial Merlot vineyard in Yepes (Toledo), an arid area in central Spain where rainfall and irrigation water availability is scarce. The vines were established in 2002 and arranged on a trellis with a plantation spacing of 2.6 x 1.1 m. Five different irrigation doses were tested to obtain variability in vine water status. Drip irrigation emitters were identical in all treatments ( 2 l h-1), but distances between emitters were adjusted to modify irrigation levels. Treatments were designed as follows: T1 (100% dose) emitters every 0.25 m, T2 (50%) emitters every 0.5 m, T3 (25%) emitters every 1.0 m, T4 (0%) no emitters and T5 (25%) underground emitters every 1.0 m. The results will be discussed in the context of deficit irrigation.

How to cite: Nowack, J. C., Atencia, L. K., Gómez del Campo, M., and Tarquis, A. M.: Assessing plant water status in Merlot vineyards using Worldview-3 multispectral images in central Spain, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-16082, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-16082, 2023.

09:00–09:10
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EGU23-14385
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SSS9.10
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ECS
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On-site presentation
Abdelmalek Temnani, Raúl Pérez-López, Pablo Berríos, Giorgio Fioretti, Susana Zapata-García, and Alejandro Pérez-Pastor

Agriculture located in arid-conditions is under high pressure for water resources, due to scarcity and poor quality of water resources to a large extent. Under these conditions, this sector may need up to 70% of the available water, and there is a high level of competition with other economic sectors. The Region of Murcia (Spain) is one of the main productive areas of the country and has the largest irrigated area in relation to its extension. The SE Spain is characterized by a robust hydraulic infrastructure, efficient irrigation systems and a high incorporation of technology for irrigation scheduling. Also, a significant decrease in water resources due to climate change is projected, so it is necessary to maximize irrigation water use efficiency (iWUE) to ensure the economic and environmental sustainability of the sector. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to increase the iWUE and nutrient use to maximize the sustainability of the lemon trees ‘Fino 95’ (Citrus limon L.) in Campo de Cartagena by monitoring the plant and soil water status, during two consecutive seasons. The orchard was established in a 6.5 × 4.5 m planting frame in 2010 with a drip irrigation. A randomized experimental design was established with 12 trees as an experimental unit. Two treatments with four replicates were tested: (i) a control (CTL) irrigated to satisfy the 110% of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during the entire crop cycle according to FAO; and (ii) a precision irrigation treatment (PI), irrigated in both seasons as CTL until the start of the fruit-phase II in which the irrigation was reduced by 40%. Several multispectral vegetation indices over canopy were calculated monthly to evaluate the irrigation effect on chlorophyll content and crop vigor. NDVI ranged from 0.8-0.87 and CGI from 4.3-8.7, both reaching maximum values in December, but no differences between treatments were detected. The results confirm the possibility of applying regulated deficit irrigation strategies on lemon trees, achieving a 34% increase in iWUE, and a water saving of around 25% with respect to the CTL treatment. However, the water deficit period should be better delimited according to the trunk growth in this period, as has recently been proven in other citrus fruits, in order not to affect the earliness of the harvest and to obtain a higher percentage of irrigation water savings.

Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the ‘Sindicato Central de Regantes del Acueducto Tajo-Segura’ for funding this experiment through the agreement “6217/20IA-C” with the UPCT.

How to cite: Temnani, A., Pérez-López, R., Berríos, P., Fioretti, G., Zapata-García, S., and Pérez-Pastor, A.: Optimization of deficit irrigation through monitoring the plant and soil water status in adult lemon trees, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-14385, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-14385, 2023.

09:10–09:20
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EGU23-17443
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SSS9.10
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On-site presentation
Moreno Toselli, Elena Baldi, Maurizio Quartieri, Giacomo Chiarelli, Greta Nicla Larocca, Evangelos Xylogiannis, and Marco Mastroleo

Correct water management of yellow kiwifruit vines is essential for reaching high yield and fruit quality, to keep plants healthy and avoid useless water loss. The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the physiological responses of potted Zezy002 (Actinidia chinensis var chinensis) plants to decrease of soil moisture to the wilting point, and to assess the retention curves of 5 typical soil substrates for the kiwifruit production in Italy. The 5 soils were collected from 4 Italian regions named: Basilicata, Calabria, Emilia-Romagna and Lazio (2 soils: Folie and Rosini). Plants from each soil were divided in three groups: 3 plants were irrigated maintaining soil moisture at field capacity (CONTROL); 4 plants were subjected to water stress (STRESS plants), after 48 h of water suspension, two of the four plants were irrigated as for the control plants (RECOVERY). Each pot was provided with a chalk potentiometric probe to monitor soil matric potential (Ym). In addition, soil moisture was evaluated by weight of a soil sample oven-dried, finally daily pot evapotranspiration rate was evaluated gravimetrically by pot weight at 24-h-interval. Leaf gas exchange and stem water potential (Yw) were measured daily. After irrigation suspension, plants rapidly (48 h) reached the wilting point evidenced by the stop of CO2 fixation. This corresponded to stem Yw lower than -1.75 MPa in all soils but the one from Emilia-Romagna which had the higher percentage of loam (42%) that also maintained a positive CO2 assimilation rate longer than the other soils. In this lapse of time, the rate of leaf CO2 assimilation, stomatal conductance and transpiration sharply decreased while intercellular CO2 concentration increased. Similarly stem Yw responded quickly to the suspension and re-start of irrigation, reaching values as low as – 1,9 MPa 2 days after the quit of irrigation. At wilting points soil Ym was: -0.96 MPa for Emilia-Romagna, -0.5 MPa for Basilicata, -1.6 MPa for Calabria, -1.8 MPa for Lazio Folie and -2.3 MPa for Lazio Rosini. CO2 assimilation was better correlated to stem Yw than soil Ym.

Key words: soil water moisture, chalk potentiometric probe, leaf gas exchange, stem water potential, soil matric potential

How to cite: Toselli, M., Baldi, E., Quartieri, M., Chiarelli, G., Larocca, G. N., Xylogiannis, E., and Mastroleo, M.: Water retention potentials of Italian soils and physiological responses of potted yellow kiwifruit, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-17443, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-17443, 2023.

09:20–09:30
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EGU23-3383
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SSS9.10
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Highlight
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On-site presentation
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Robert Schwartz, Hans Klopp, and Alfonso Domínguez

Decreasing water resources available for irrigation will require a thorough reconsideration of how water is allocated and managed for crop production. Electromagnetic (EM) soil water sensing is an important tool that can facilitate spatial and temporal allocation decisions to increase crop water productivity. Accuracy of volumetric water content measurements in the field, however, is problematic with EM sensors, especially in soils with high clay contents and pronounced horizonation. Under many circumstances, measurement uncertainties are large compared with the range of managed allowed depletion. Soil specific calibrations can improve accuracy although the procedures required to achieve this are normally impractical for routine field deployment of sensors. Herein we present our current efforts in improving the accuracy of TDR soil water sensing and their utility in irrigation management, especially under conditions of limited water availability.

Earlier work using a quasi-theoretical model to describe the complex permittivity of soil demonstrated that bound water near clay surfaces and high frequency filtering of the broadband signal were major sources of error for TDR water content estimation. The specific surface area of the soil is partly responsible for these effects, which can also vary in the field because of the dependency of volumetric bound water on bulk density. Although theory can describe how soil apparent permittivity changes with respect specific surface area and bulk electrical conductivity; this does not necessarily reflect how these properties influence the measured travel time. Bound water polarization and dc losses result in signal attenuation of the high frequency components thereby increasing travel time greater than that expected from changes in apparent permittivity.

To circumvent these difficulties, we are currently using a supervised machine learning approach to develop an empirical soil water content calibration based on measured travel time, measured state properties (temperature and bulk electrical conductivity), and inferred properties based on TDR waveform features (specific surface area). For example, at a given water content, the shape of the waveform reflection for a soil dominated by kaolinite is distinct from the reflection of a soil dominated by 2:1 phyllosilicates. Essentially the bulk density x specific surface area modifies the waveform features which in turn can be used to develop in essence an in-situ soil specific calibration.

Introduction of measured soil water contents into crop models provides a way to facilitate real-time yield predictions of alternative water allocation decisions. The Richards Equation will necessarily be incorporated into crop models to permit a mechanistic basis of redistributing soil water in the profile. Soil water sensing can permit the accurate determination of both irrigation application efficiency and infiltration. Incorporation of measured soil water into crop models allows for “course corrections” of simulated profile water and potentially improvements in the estimation of evapotranspiration and yields.

How to cite: Schwartz, R., Klopp, H., and Domínguez, A.: Towards improved TDR soil water sensing for optimizing irrigation water management, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-3383, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-3383, 2023.

09:30–09:40
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EGU23-388
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SSS9.10
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ECS
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Highlight
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On-site presentation
Angela Puig Sirera, Lorenzo Bonzi, Fatma Hamouda, Andrea Sbrana, Damiano Remorini, Lorenzo Cotrozzi, and Giovanni Rallo

Climate change and intensive agriculture are responsible for the increasing frequency and intensity of abiotic stresses generating conditions of water scarcity. Currently, there is the need to select and release, in a short time, plants adaptable to the current and future environmental conditions and resistant to biotic and/or abiotic stress. This study presents the design and validation of a High-Throughput Screening (HTS) system for the continuous and simultaneous monitoring of the plant stress response to drought in a semi-controlled environment.

Structurally, the HTS-system is formed by three hardware segments to detect with high-frequency the agrometeorological variables (i.e., atmometry), the weights (i.e., gravimetry), and the soil water content (SWC) (i.e., time domain reflectometry, TDR) of sixteen pots in which the medicinal crop Salvia officinalis L (sage) was grown. Two irrigation treatments, one based on full irrigation and the second on soil water deficit conditions, were applied following a feedback control irrigation scheduling protocol, and an automated micro-irrigation system was designed to manage them.

The system was able to model the sage water stress function following the root water uptake (RWU) macroscopic approach. The threshold of soil water status below which crop water stress occurred was also identified. The gravimetric-based daily evapotranspiration (ETc act) and the time domain reflectometry (TDR) -based RWU rates showed a high correlation, which allowed validating the RWU indicators based on soil moisture sensors to estimate the ETc act fluxes.

Keywords. Agro-hydrological modelling, high-throughput systems; root water uptake; sage; water stress function

How to cite: Puig Sirera, A., Bonzi, L., Hamouda, F., Sbrana, A., Remorini, D., Cotrozzi, L., and Rallo, G.: Macroscopic root water uptake modelling using High-Throughput Screening (HTS) systems: Design and Validation, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-388, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-388, 2023.

09:40–09:50
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EGU23-7169
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SSS9.10
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ECS
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On-site presentation
Ian McNamara, Martina Flörke, Thorben Uschan, and Frank Herrmann

In many temperate regions globally, sufficient precipitation and moderate temperatures have meant that green water has sufficed for agriculture. However, the effects of climate change demonstrate that additional crop water is now more frequently required in many of these areas, particularly for dry summer years, with irrigation demands expected to continue increasing. In Germany, this effect has become noticeable over previous years, exemplified by the reduced crop yields in the recent summer droughts of 2018 and 2020.

Our study, performed within the scope of the WADKlim project, identifies critical hotspots for water stress through high-resolution hydrological modelling and statistical analyses to determine groundwater recharge and theoretical irrigation requirements from now until 2100. We set up and calibrated the mGROWA hydrological model over a historical period (1961-2020) at a high spatial (100 m) and temporal (daily) resolution. The calibrated model was then run until 2100 for three climate scenarios (1 x RCP2.6; 2 x RCP8.5), which were selected as a stress test for the system. As model outputs, we derived the spatio-temporal patterns of groundwater recharge as well as crop water requirements, through the application of irrigation rules typical for Germany and accounting for the spatial distribution of different crop types. We converted the theoretical crop water requirements into requirements only for areas that are equipped for irrigation, incorporating multiple scenarios for the rate at which irrigation infrastructure could expand in Germany.

Our results demonstrate the large spatial and interannual variations in irrigation demands throughout Germany. We quantify how the multiplicative effect of warmer and drier summers in combination with increased areas equipped for irrigation is expected to strain water resources in the future. For example, we estimate that mean annual irrigation demands in Germany could increase by as much as 700% by 2075-2100, considering the “worst-case” scenario of climate projection and increase in irrigated areas. Regarding groundwater availability, owing to the expected increase in winter precipitation in Germany, our modelling results show pronounced regional variations in whether or not annual groundwater recharge is expected to increase in the future. Finally, we included estimates of other water requirements and aggregated the results to determine overall water demands at the district level and calculate ratios of water use to groundwater recharge per district. Our results highlight the hotspots in Germany where water stress is expected to increase the most throughout the 21st century, which could likely lead to conflict between different water users (agricultural, industry, public supply).

Determining the spatio-temporal characteristics of how water stress will change requires comprehensive assessments of water availability, crop water requirements, areas equipped for irrigation infrastructure, and other water uses. In addition, the large variability in climate projections means that results from such assessments provide large ranges of expected water stress conditions. We have developed and tested a comprehensive methodology for identifying and mapping water hotspots, which we implemented for Germany using three climate projections. Our methodology is transferable to similar (data-rich) regions, and can also be applied for a complete ensemble of climate projections.

How to cite: McNamara, I., Flörke, M., Uschan, T., and Herrmann, F.: Identification of water scarcity hotspots for the 21st century – the case study of irrigation demands in Germany, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-7169, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-7169, 2023.

09:50–10:00
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EGU23-15163
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SSS9.10
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Highlight
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On-site presentation
Maria Cristina Rulli, Nikolas Galli, and Davide Danilo Chiarelli

The introduction of participatory processes directly and actively involving stakeholders has been steadily gaining importance also in the definition of water management policies. Moreover, for policies to be sustainable, the decision-making process has to keep a multisectorial vision of water management, for instance taking into account the mutual interactions between water, agriculture and energy production, while being careful to move within the limits of the ecosystem. This inclusive approach to the water-energy-food-ecosystem nexus (WEFE Nexus) is the way in which a community of practice made by both technicians and stakeholders can make conscious and sustainable decisions. In this context, the use of hydrological models takes on a key role, not only to describe the current state of resources use, but also to evaluate the impact on resources of different management strategies. However, it is fundamental to properly structure the information pathway from the stakeholders to the model, as well as the return pathway of model results to the stakeholders. On this depends the successful creation of a fruitful and transparent interaction between technicians and stakeholders. An instance of how models can be applied to this context is the use, within the PRIMA NEXUS-NESS project, of the spatially distributed hydrological model WATNEEDS, developed at Politecnico di Milano,. The project aims at co-creating WEFE Nexus management strategies in 4 different case studies, defined as Nexus Ecosystem Labs (NELs) in 4 different countries of the Mediterranean area: Spain, Italy, Tunisia, and Egypt. The 4 NELs are very different from each other in terms of characterizations and problématiques, but they all present major sustainability challenges that can be conceptualized in terms of WEFE Nexus. In the context of NEXUS NESS, WATNEEDS has been enhanced in terms of spatial ductility and range of possible model scenarios, with the aim to describe the current status of water resources in each NEL and to evaluate the management alternatives proposed by the different stakeholders. Among the alternatives the model can analyse, we report changing the crop calendar, implementing new crops or redistributing the existing crops in the territory, changing or modernizing the irrigation systems, and moving towards indoor cultivation techniques. As an example, we report the results relative to some of the interventions proposed by the stakeholders during the first set of project Workshops, held between May and June 2022. The final results will be provided to the stakeholders in November, to illustrate the different impacts that each choice can lead to, not only in terms of water use, but also of WEFE Nexus in general. In this way, using hydrological models in the evaluation of co-created and participatory policy decisions demonstrates its crucial role in the definition of shared and sustainable management strategies.

How to cite: Rulli, M. C., Galli, N., and Chiarelli, D. D.: Hydrological modeling to support co-designed NEXUS management strategies, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-15163, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-15163, 2023.

10:00–10:10
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EGU23-13469
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SSS9.10
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ECS
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On-site presentation
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Pablo Berríos, Raúl Pérez-López, Abdelmalek Temnani, Susana Zapata-García, Francisco J. Caballero, José A. Franco, and Alejandro Pérez-Pastor

The Mediterranean agrosystem 'Campo de Cartagena' (Murcia, Spain) faces a complex challenge, due to almost permanent water scarcity and high diffuse nitrate contamination of the groundwater. The electrical conductivity (EC) of groundwater can reach ≈6.5 dS m-1 and ≈96 mg L-1 of N (NO3-). In contrast, the EC of water from the Tajo-Segura water transfer is ≈1.5 dS m-1 and contains <≈5 mg L-1 of NO3-. Therefore, groundwater quality limits this resource only for tolerant or resistant crops, among them, barley is considered a salinity resistant crop with low nutritional requirements. Thus, the objective of our work was to evaluate the agronomic response of barley 'Shakira' (Hordeum vulgare L.) irrigated with saline water and with the incorporation of continuous monitoring sensors of soil water status and remote sensing. The crop was established during 2022 winter with a seeding rate of 200 kg ha-1 and a drip irrigation system. A completely randomized block design was established with 3 treatments with three blocks and each experimental unit corresponded to 150 m2. The treatments were: (i) "Control", irrigated with 100% water from the water transfer with an EC of 1.46 dS m-1; (ii) "High salinity", irrigated with a mixture of 40% water from the water transfer and 60% groundwater to reach an EC of 4.5 dS m-1, and (iii) "Very high salinity", irrigated with 100% groundwater with an EC of 6.5 dS m-1 and with a total N input of 36.2 kg ha-1 from irrigation water. In the rest of the treatments, fertilizer units were adjusted by proportional fertigation with ammonium-nitrate. Irrigation was scheduled to allow a 30% depletion of field capacity in the active root zone. At the end of the irrigation period, the soil EC1:5 between 0.05 and 0.4 m was significantly higher in proportion to the groundwater treatments. However, no differences were detected in soil EC1:5 or nitrate concentration up to 0.6 m depth. No differences were detected in the yield parameters, reaching an average of 3.5 t ha-1, 16.6 grains per spike, and a 1000-grain weight of 52.2 g. Likewise, the caliber distribution was not affected and the proportion of grains larger than 2.8 mm reached an average of 89.4%. Regarding grain quality, germination capacity (>99%) and dry protein were not affected (10.4%). NDVI and GCI vegetation indices were calculated to evaluate the treatments effect on chlorophyll content and crop vigor, when plants reached 30 and 100% cover and pre-harvest. NDVI ranged from 0.3-0.71 and CGI from 1.5-3.37, both reaching maximum when the crop was fully covered, but no differences between treatments were detected. The results obtained validate the economic viability of barley cultivation irrigated with highly saline water and, from an environmental point of view, highlight the importance of incorporating quantitative and objective methods for irrigation scheduling to minimize water and nutrient leaching.

Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank the ‘Estrella de Levante’ Foundation for funding this experiment through the agreement “6699/21IA-C” with the UPCT. In addition, we thank to Laura Soria-López for the technical support in the laboratory evaluations.

How to cite: Berríos, P., Pérez-López, R., Temnani, A., Zapata-García, S., Caballero, F. J., Franco, J. A., and Pérez-Pastor, A.: Effect of high saline irrigation water on the sustainability of barley cultivated in a Mediterranean climate, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-13469, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-13469, 2023.

Posters on site: Thu, 27 Apr, 14:00–15:45 | Hall X3

Chairpersons: Alejandro Pérez-Pastor, Daniele Masseroni
Agronomic and irrigation management practices for resilience agriculture.
X3.176
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EGU23-8516
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SSS9.10
Alfonso Domínguez, Robert C Schwartz, Higinio Martínez-López, and José J Pardo

In regions with scarce water resources, as is the case of most of Spain and other Mediterranean countries, a commonly used methodology to regulate the use of irrigation water by farmers is for the regulatory authority to establish a maximum volume, which is controlled through meters installed on farms. Producers of extensive annual crops in these areas have to tackle two significant problems, among others. The first is to decide which crops to grow and the total area to devote to each one for the next crop year, depending on the availability of irrigation water and cropping area. This is complicated by the uncertainty of future weather conditions, especially in the current climate change scenario. The second challenge is to distribute, as efficiently as possible, across the season, the available amount of water in order to achieve maximum crop yields/returns, while avoiding at least the most profitable crops suffering water deficit if adverse climate conditions increase the need to irrigate beyond expected levels and the water resources available. To solve such problems, our research team proposes the development of an optimization algorithm called ORDILS (Optimized Regulated Deficit Irrigation for Limited volumes of irrigation water and Simultaneous crops), which is the result of experience accumulated in national Spanish projects, and other previous European projects. This algorithm, using an initial reference situation, and depending on the water available, as well as the expected crop yields and profitability according to the amount of irrigation water applied, will be able to adapt irrigation scheduling, and even determine the optimum area to be cultivated, with the intention of maximising the farm’s profitability. To demonstrate the applicability of ORDILS a 2-year field experiment with three crops (purple garlic, barley and maize) is being carried out in Albacete (Spain). Thus, three experimental strategies are considered: a) non-deficit irrigation conditions (control); b) the strategy followed by a typical farmer (who attempts to apply non-deficit irrigation and, if water is short, uses the water destined to the least profitable crops to satisfy the water demands of the most profitable; garlic, in this case); and c) the methodology proposed by ORDILS. The aim of the experiments is also to analyse the effect of ORDILS on crop yield, harvest quality and physiological response, the agricultural and economic productivity of the irrigation water and the water footprint, and the profitability of a typical farm managed by this regulation system. The results of the first year were promising but the increase on the final profitability was lower than expected (2%). This resulted from a beneficial distribution of precipitation throughout the growing season that permitted the avoidance of water deficit by garlic and barley during the Spring, the most sensitive period for these crops. Consequently, during this first year the effect of ORDILS was highly conditioned by good climatic conditions for the objectives of the farmer. Nevertheless, under drought conditions it is expected ORDILS can significantly increase the profitability of the farms compared with the profitability obtained by the typical farmer.

How to cite: Domínguez, A., Schwartz, R. C., Martínez-López, H., and Pardo, J. J.: Optimized regulated deficit irrigation for limited volumes of irrigation water and simultaneous crops. The ORDILS methodology, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-8516, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-8516, 2023.

X3.178
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EGU23-8885
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SSS9.10
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ECS
Wanxue Zhu and Stefan Siebert

Water use for irrigation has a critical impact on hydrology, ecology, and agricultural productivity. The irrigation water use is determined by (1) the irrigation water volume required per unit irrigated area and (2) the extent of irrigated land. At large scales, the required water volume per unit irrigated area is usually estimated by calculating soil water balances and quantifying the volume of water supply needed to ensure that crop evapotranspiration is at the potential level or at a level minimizing drought impacts on crop yield. Little information is available about the dynamics in the extent of irrigated land, mainly due to the limited observations and investigations at large scales. To fill the above research gap and to test for factors impacting interannual variability in irrigation extent, this study is going to develop a database with 1990-2020 annual irrigated cropland extent for Europe/Eurasia, a region with relatively well data availability, at sub-national resolution. Relationships between annual irrigation extent and factors potentially impacting variabilities in the irrigated area will be tested by using process-based models. The new annual irrigation database will be applied in Community Land Model to quantify differences in dynamics and trends of irrigation water use across the region compared to the use of the current static data products. Consequently, we will analyze the impact of climate variability on the extent of irrigated crops, irrigation water requirements, and irrigation water use. This study will be fundamental for better understanding and qualifying the human impacts on the natural environment and society under climate change, so as to support future scenario forecasts and decision systems, particularly in improving irrigation management.

How to cite: Zhu, W. and Siebert, S.: Towards a dynamic representation of irrigation in land surface models, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-8885, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-8885, 2023.

X3.179
|
EGU23-11522
|
SSS9.10
|
ECS
|
Salvatore Samuel Palermo and Giorgio Baiamonte

Multiple-diameter laterals and manifolds reduce the total cost in microirrigation systems, however, the length of each sublateral should be determined carefully to assure appropriate performance and uniformity of emitter flow rates. The most accurate method is numerical trial and error, which is time-consuming. Many research efforts have been made to propose simple analytical design procedures. By using the power-law form of the Darcy-Weisbach formula, and equal emitters spacing for the sublaterals, Sadeghi et al. (2016) extended a previously introduced design solution for one-diameter laterals to tapered laterals. Recently, a simplified procedure to design dual-diameter drip laterals has been introduced (Baiamonte and Palermo, 2022), providing relative errors in pressure heads less than 0.5%, and allowing to set different Hazen-Williams coefficients, flow rates, and emitter interspaces for each sublateral. Moreover, this analytical procedure easily allows the detection of the required commercial emitter characteristics. The objective of this work is to extend the aforementioned solution to rectangular irrigation units laid on flat fields. 

How to cite: Palermo, S. S. and Baiamonte, G.: Tapered drip laterals and manifolds in flat and rectangular irrigation units, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-11522, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-11522, 2023.

X3.180
|
EGU23-17393
|
SSS9.10
|
ECS
Sandra Paola Bianucci, Álvaro Sordo-Ward, María Dolores Bejarano, and Luis Garrote

Providing adequate water supply following the development of society and ensuring the good status of water-dependent ecosystems is becoming increasingly complex. This is particularly relevant in areas characterized by water scarcity and with unfavourable projections due to climate change, such as the Iberian Peninsula. Water is fully allocated in many water resources systems, while environmental water requirements are intensified. Consequently, it is fairly probable that in the medium and long term water demands will not be satisfied with the current reliability. This fact may particularly affect to irrigation water supply, as the most important consumptive water use. We are developing a National Research Project entitled: Climate scenarios and adaptation of water resources systems (SECA-SRH). The main purpose is to generate knowledge that contributes to the design and implementation of climate change adaptation policies that consider simultaneously technical, economic, social and environmental aspects. The increase of the comprehension of water system behaviour allows decisions making and prioritizing water uses. This would help to achieve the sustainability of the management of water resources systems in the medium and long term. In this study, as part of the mentioned project, we analyse the effect of different criteria for the allocation of environmental flows on the sustainability of the water resources systems in Spain, in the current situation (1989-2019). The availability of water is estimated as the maximum water demand for population and agriculture (irrigation) that can be supplied with a given reliability in a given location of the river network and satisfying environmental flow restrictions. The methodology is based on the use of the high resolution WAAPA model. 720 dams with a reservoir greater than 1 hm3 and 1948 sub-basins are considered. The calculation is made at each dam, at the confluences of the main rivers and for the aggregate set of each sub-basin. The results show that the availability of water in a system is very sensitive to changes in environmental flow regimes. The relationship between reduction in water availability and environmental flows is unevenly distributed in Spain. This result may suggest that the implications of increasing the allocation of water to environmental flows may vary, depending on the hydrological regime and storage availability.

How to cite: Bianucci, S. P., Sordo-Ward, Á., Bejarano, M. D., and Garrote, L.: Trade-off between irrigation demands and environmental flows requirements in Spain, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-17393, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-17393, 2023.

X3.181
|
EGU23-16607
|
SSS9.10
Adriana Bruggeman, Marinos Eliades, Hakan Djuma, Melpo Siakou, Ioannis Sofokleous, and Christos Zoumides

While our planet is heating up, mountain terraces may be able to maintain agricultural production systems in a cooler environment than the agricultural plains. Mountain terraces are, however, characterised by diverse growing environments, with highly variable, stony soils, variable plant spacing and canopy cover. This limits the effectiveness of sensor-based technologies for efficient agricultural resource management. The objective of this research is to provide guidelines for informed irrigation decision making in mountain terrace orchards. Over the past four years, we have cooperated with four farmers with irrigated fruit trees on traditional dry-stone terraces in the Troodos Mountains of Cyprus. We installed soil moisture sensors at a different number of locations and soil depths, depending on the soil and terrace characteristics. In the stony soils of the apple terraces we installed sensors 3 locations and 2 depths (10 and 30 cm). In the cherry terraces, we installed 12 sensors at 4 locations and 3 depths (10, 30 and 45 cm) and 2 additional sensors at 10 cm. In the deep soils of the nectarine terraces, we installed sensors at 2 locations and 7 depths (10-70-cm depth). In the stony plum terraces, we installed sensors at 2 locations and 3 depths (10, 25 and 50 cm). We analysed the variability of the soil moisture observations and the effect of the uncertainty of the soil moisture observations on irrigation decision making. In the cherry terrace, results of more than 3600 hourly observations for 14 sensors showed that the average difference between the driest and wettest sensors amounted to 11.6% volumetric soil moisture at 10-cm depth, 6.7% at 30-cm depth and 7.6% at 45-cm depth. The maximum difference between the soil moisture sensors was observed immediately after one of the irrigation events (12 May 2022), showing a difference of 187 mm water in the rootzone between the driest and wettest set of sensors at the 3 depths. Based on the depth-weighted average of all 14 sensors, this event showed a drainage loss of approximately 38 mm of the 55-mm applied irrigation, below the 55-cm rootzone. The sensor-based irrigation advice would have suggested that the farmer should have irrigated maximum 17 mm. If the driest set of sensors at the 3 depths would have been used, the irrigation advice would have been the same, whereas based on the the wettest set of 3 sensors, the advice would have been to irrigate maximum 22 mm. This indicates that even though the the irrigation advice can have a 29% error, 33-mm drainage loss could have been saved with sensor-based irrigation scheduling for this event.   

How to cite: Bruggeman, A., Eliades, M., Djuma, H., Siakou, M., Sofokleous, I., and Zoumides, C.: Can soil moisture sensors support smart irrigation decision making in mountain terrace agriculture?, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-16607, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-16607, 2023.

X3.182
|
EGU23-389
|
SSS9.10
|
ECS
Fatma Hamouda, Lorenzo Bonzi, Giuseppe Provenzano, Àngela Puig-Sirera, Andrea Sbrana, Damiano Remorini, and Giovanni Rallo

Abstract. The EM-38 is a Handheld Electrical Magnetic Induction (EMI) device, non-invasive and commonly used for monitoring salinity, mapping bulk soil properties, and evaluating soil nutrient status. The measured data is an electrical conductivity, [mS/m], which was referred to a representative soil volume of 1.0-1.5 m depth and 2.0 m width.

The Data AcQuisition (DAQ) system for EM-38 (Geonics Inc.) conductivity meter, used for recording the spatial variability of the soil bulk electrical conductivity (EC), is expensive, according to the proprietary software, and do not provide detailed, modifiable circuit schematics.

To address these issues, we developed an easy-to-use, modifiable, and inexpensive data acquisition (DAQ) system for EC data recording and spatializing. In particular, this work investigates the feasibility of using a low-cost open-source DAQ system to be installed on an EM-38 conductivity meter (Geonics Inc.). This DAQ system is based on Raspberry Pi and allows collecting speed and position of the EM-38 device by carrying it on a specific designed sled system.

The EM-38 data (± 200mV) were acquired by A/D converter 24 bit and GPS data ($GPGGA, $GPRMC [NMEA 0183]) were obtained by serial input RS232. The Data logger (Raspberry Pi 4) stored the acquired data and transferred it to the server using an internet connection (Router 4G). The control Firmware has been written in Python language. To ensure the accuracy and reliability of the collected data, the system has been evaluated and tested in well-known open-filed (CIRAAA-a reserch center of the University of Pisa), where the spatial variability of the main soil physical properties (i.e. soil texture, organic matter, electrical conductivity) are known.

The performance has been evaluated by comparing the data string with the one generated by a professional DAQ system. The latter includes a CR1000 data logger (Campbell Scientific) to control and store the EC data and integrats a GPS receiver (GPS16X-HVS, Garmin Inc.) which provides the position, velocity, and timing information.

First results allowed to approve the possibility to extract the analogical signal from the device, which is strongly responsive to the variation of the physical properties of the soil environment. Moreover, the device is able to estimate accurately the spatial patterns of the investigated soil physical properties.

 

Keywords: Precision farming, Zoning, EMI sensors, soil bulk electrical conductivity, open source DAQ

How to cite: Hamouda, F., Bonzi, L., Provenzano, G., Puig-Sirera, À., Sbrana, A., Remorini, D., and Rallo, G.: Analysis of the Feasibility of a low-cost DAQ for EM-38Detection and Mapping, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-389, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-389, 2023.

X3.183
|
EGU23-15370
|
SSS9.10
|
ECS
Christian Faller and Reinhard Nolz

The consequences of climate change will affect irrigation also in areas that have so far been little affected by water shortages. In the north-eastern part of Austria with predominantly sub-humid conditions (550 mm mean annual rainfall, 11°C mean annual temperature), water demand is expected to double by 2050. With regard to irrigation, this means both increased crop water requirements and reduced water availability. Improving water use efficiency is one way to sustain agricultural productivity and water resources in the long term. This poses a future challenge also for farmers who have had little to do with the requirements of highly efficient irrigation management so far. In this regard, a potential on-farm strategy is to monitor soil water status and control irrigation based on the plant available soil water. On the technical side, sensors and telemetry networks are available that regularly collect and transmit data. However, the appropriate thresholds for irrigation control must also be known. These depend on the crop, the root development, the soil type and the installation depth of the sensors. Last but not least, farmers need to trust the decision support and use the information appropriately. The aim of this study was to determine threshold values ​​for the irrigation of maize at a location in north-eastern Austria (in the country's largest arable farming area, approx. 35 km east of Vienna) and to subject them to a practical test in the field.

The irrigation system used was a hose reel with an irrigation boom with rotating nozzles (BAUER GmbH). HydraProbe (Stevens Water Monitoring Systems Inc.) and Watermark (Irrometer Company Inc.) sensors were used to measure soil water content and matric potential, respectively. The sensors were integrated into a telemetry network (ADCON by OTT HydroMet GmbH); data were available via a web-application. For practical reasons, the installation depth of the sensors was set at 20 cm. Soil was a sandy loam. A target value for the maximum allowed depletion under optimal to slightly stressed conditions was calculated using a water balance model. Based on HYDRUS-1D (PC-Progress s.r.o.) simulations, the corresponding matric potential at 20 cm depth was −100 kPa. This value should serve as the target value for irrigation. The soil water content data served as a control for the simulation using the FAO AquaCrop model. The latter was used to evaluate the irrigation carried out by the farmer.

The soil water data revealed that the specified threshold was not reached in the practical test. It seems that farmers experience was oriented towards a more sufficient water supply. The simulation showed that water use efficiency could have been improved by using less water; however, in this case a reduction in yield of a few percent would have to be expected. Measuring with only one sensor at a depth of 20 cm proved to be a viable procedure; however, data interpretability could be improved by sensors at several depths.

How to cite: Faller, C. and Nolz, R.: Assessing soil water thresholds for irrigation of maize in north-eastern Austria, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-15370, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-15370, 2023.

Posters virtual: Thu, 27 Apr, 14:00–15:45 | vHall SSS

Chairpersons: Daniele Masseroni, Alejandro Pérez-Pastor
Agronomic and irrigation management practices for resilience agriculture.
vSSS.13
|
EGU23-10383
|
SSS9.10
|
ECS
|
Elizabeth Moreno-Contreras, Rolando Celleri-Alvear, and David Rivas-Tabares

Sustainable irrigation systems promote soil and water conservation, without degrading the environment, being economically viable and socially acceptable. Consequently, this study aims to calculate a novel approach to modify the current method to calculate the irrigation sustainability index (ISI) for efficient use and management of natural resources. The current method to estimate ISI require large surveying of historical data associated with intensive irrigation areas. In most cases limiting the application of the index for countries or regions with scarce data about irrigation technology, management, and traditional irrigation systems. A new methodology has been proposed to overcome these limitations, adjusting the index for the study area in Southern Ecuador. The modified irrigation sustainability index (MISI) evaluated in the Tarqui river basin, comprises three main components: biogeographic, sociodemographic and institutional, each component is integrated by a set of correlated parameters and some modifications were proposed. Thus, the index can be universally used, this modification changes the weights in the calculation expression, making it more relevant and therefore the index can be adjusted easily to a low-impact agricultural basin. The MISI index is presented as a useful alternative for diverse types of irrigation systems using the weighted method and its adjustment. The results support decision-making by showing the value of the irrigation sustainability index to understand the intermediate evaluated parameters to improve the system. The preliminary results show that MISI can support the SDG in terms of global comparison since can be adaptable to local/regional scales, allowing comparisons with the diverse classification of irrigation technologies. Besides, MISI is a valuable tool for tracking and tackling current and future irrigation problems in irrigation districts.

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the support of the Master in Hydrology  (major in Ecohydrology) of Universidad de Cuenca, co-funded by SDGnexus Network of the DAAD program. The authors also acknowledge support from the European Union NextGenerationEU and RD 289/2021 and the support of Project No. PGC2018-093854-B-I00 of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades of Spain.

References

  • David Rivas-Tabares, Ana M. Tarquis, Ángel de Miguel, Anne Gobin, Bárbara Willaarts. Enhancing LULC scenarios impact assessment in hydrological dynamics using participatory mapping protocols in semiarid regions. Sci. Total Environ., 803, 149906, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149906
  • Rivas-Tabares, A. de Miguel, B. Willarts and A.M. Tarquis. Self-organising map of soil properties in the context of hydrological modeling. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 88,175-189, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2020.06.044
  • Rivas-Tabares, D. A., Saa-Requejo, A., Martín-Sotoca, J. J., & Tarquis, A. M. (2021). Multiscaling NDVI Series Analysis of Rainfed Cereal in Central Spain. Remote Sensing13(4), 568.

How to cite: Moreno-Contreras, E., Celleri-Alvear, R., and Rivas-Tabares, D.: Modified Irrigation Sustainability Index for the evaluation of irrigation systems in low-impact agricultural basins, case study in the upper Tarqui river basin, Ecuador, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-10383, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-10383, 2023.

vSSS.14
|
EGU23-12977
|
SSS9.10
|
ECS
|
María R. Conesa, Wenceslao Conejero, Ana B. Mira-García, Juan Vera, and Mª Carmen Ruiz-Sánchez

In recent years, associated extreme events to climate change are being experienced more frequently and with greater intensity, worldwide but particularly affecting to Mediterranean basin countries. The DANA phenomenon (Spanish acronym for depresión aislada en niveles altos, meaning upper-level isolated atmospheric depression) occurs normally in autumn due to convective storms generated by the existence of cold air in the upper layers of the atmosphere combined with warm winds coming from the Mediterranean Sea. Its effects are devastating, provoking storms of great intensity that cause violent flash-flooding and run-off with a huge capacity for soil erosion. This field experiment focuses on the effects of DANA event of 12-13 September 2019 in Southern Spain on plant water status and thermal response of nectarine trees. Two irrigation treatments were applied during the summer-autumn postharvest (DOY, Day of the year, 158-329): well-irrigated (CTL) and non-irrigated (DRY). Volumetric soil water content (θv), air temperature (Ta) and canopy temperature (Tc) were real-time monitored and the crop water stress index (CWSI) was calculated. Stem water potential (Ψstem) and leaf gas exchange were measured on representative days of the experimental period. The effects of DANA forced to disconnect the soil water content sensors, precluding to measure Ψstem and leaf gas exchange from DOY 255 to 275. Before DANA, withholding irrigation caused a gradual decline in soil and plant water status in the DRY treatment. Minimum values of Ψstem = -2.63 MPa and θv = 13% were obtained at DOY 246. Significant differences were obtained in the Tc, Tc-Ta, and CWSI between treatments. CWSI in the DRY treatment was maximum (0.94) at DOY 232. The effects of DANA reduced the differences between treatments in thermal data, what required to establish different baselines for CWSI calculation. In this sense, the relationship Tc-Ta vs. VPD improved the coefficient of determination after DANA (from R2=0.71*** to 0.83***) in well-irrigated trees. Similar values of Ψstem and leaf gas exchange were found in both treatments after DANA. Only thermal indices showed significant differences between treatments. Furthermore, the strong relationship found between Tc-Ta vs. Ψstem worsened after DANA event (from R2=0.81*** to 0.32*). This work underlined the robustness of infra-red thermography to continuously monitor plant water status under this type of natural weather disaster.  

 

Acknowledgements: This work was funded by Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-106226RB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). MR. Conesa thanks to the Spanish Juan de la Cierva programme (IJC2020-045450-I) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR.

 

 

How to cite: Conesa, M. R., Conejero, W., Mira-García, A. B., Vera, J., and Ruiz-Sánchez, M. C.: How did DANA event affect water status and thermal response of fruit crops?, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-12977, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-12977, 2023.

vSSS.15
|
EGU23-16225
|
SSS9.10
|
ECS
|
Ángel del Vigo, Javier Ezequiel Colimba-Limaico, and Leonor Rodríguez-Sinobas

Evapotranspiration is a phenomenon highly involved for water infiltration and redistribution among the soil. It is also an important factor that determines the amount of water available for crops. In this article, evaporation data collected by an evaporimeter tank in a greenhouse at Imbabura province (north of Ecuador) are presented. Based on these experimental results, the validity of five evapotranspiration reference models that depends exclusively on temperature and solar radiation has been tested for this area. It was seen that, there is a good correlation (Pearson-coefficient around 80%) between the observed data and the prediction of these five models, being the Irmak model (2003) what suits better with the observed data for this region. At the end of the article, a new empirical model that was inferred by these experimental data is presented, with the goal to improve the evaporation prediction in this area of South-America.

How to cite: del Vigo, Á., Colimba-Limaico, J. E., and Rodríguez-Sinobas, L.: Experimental analisys of depending on temperature and solar radiation evapotranspiration empirical models at Republic of Ecuador., EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-16225, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-16225, 2023.

vSSS.16
|
EGU23-9004
|
SSS9.10
Sergio Zubelzu, Blanca Cuevas, Carlota Bernal, Paloma Esteve, María Teresa Gómez, Jesús López, and Leonor Rodríguez

SUDS were initially conceived for mimicking hydrological original conditions of urban catchments. SUDS have been strongly promoted by public and private decision-makers around the world. Public perception has been previously addressed by different studies many studies in a disconnected manner and at different planes. Similarly, the social benefits have also been studied from different perspectives mostly enhancing local perspectives not clearly comparable between territories. In this work we present the initial literature review on SUDS social aspects and public perception. We find from the previous studies that a general method for both making society aware of SUDS aims and roles and providing designers and planners with public perception is clearly lacking. We seek to highlight the gaps to be filled with further analysis and studies so public society can be completely engaged in SUDS design and operation.

How to cite: Zubelzu, S., Cuevas, B., Bernal, C., Esteve, P., Gómez, M. T., López, J., and Rodríguez, L.: Are ongoing SUDS design and management routines considering public perception?, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-9004, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-9004, 2023.

vSSS.17
|
EGU23-16111
|
SSS9.10
|
ECS
Luz Karime Atencia, María Victoria del Campo, Juan Claudio Nowack Yruretagoyena, Ana María Tarquis Alonso, and Roberto Hermoso Peralo

Knowledge of the water status in commercial vineyards is of great importance when defining the production objectives and the composition of the grape must. Determining the appropriate irrigation doses allows for adjusting the balance between vigour and productive capacity of the vineyard. However, to accurately know the hydration status of the vines, it is necessary to use equipment such as pressure chambers that are hardly replicable. Much effort has been invested in finding a more straightforward simpler methodology that allows knowing the hydration of plants. In this respect, remote sensing technology is presented as an appropriate tool to obtain information from large areas quickly and efficiently. This work aimed to evaluate the accuracy of water stress detection based on thermal sensors onboard UAVs.

The study was carried out in the Merlot vineyard located in Toledo-Spain; arranged on a trellis with a 2.60 x 1.10 m planting frame and established in 2002. High-resolution thermal images were obtained on different dates during the 2021 and 2022 irrigation campaign and at two intervals of the day (9:00 and 12:00 solar hours). Stem water potential (Ψm) and chlorophyll were measured at the same time.

The results indicate that there are statistically significant differences between the different irrigation treatments. These differences were mainly observed in the water-steam potential measurements made in the morning.

References

Acevedo-Opazo, C., Tisseyre, B., Guillaume, S., & Ojeda, H. (2008). The potential of high spatial resolution information to define within-vineyard zones related to vine water status. Precision Agriculture, 9(5), 285–302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11119-008-9073-1.

Jackson, R. D. (1982). Canopy Temperature and Crop Water Stress. 1, 43–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-024301-3.50009-5.

Poblete-Echeverría, C., Sepulveda-Reyes, D., Ortega-Farias, S., Zuñiga, M., & Fuentes, S. (2016). Plant water stress detection based on aerial and terrestrial infrared thermography: A study case from vineyard and olive orchard. Acta Horticulturae, 1112, 141–146. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1112.20.

 

Acknowledgements:

The authors want to thank Bodegas y Viñas Casa del Valle for allowing us to work in their vineyards and the company UTW for supply the drone images. Financial support provided by Comunidad de Madrid through calls for grants for the completion of Industrial Doctorates IND2020/AMB-17341 is greatly appreciated.

How to cite: Atencia, L. K., del Campo, M. V., Nowack Yruretagoyena, J. C., Tarquis Alonso, A. M., and Hermoso Peralo, R.: Detection of plant water stress in Merlot vineyard using thermal sensors onboard UAVs, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 23–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-16111, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-16111, 2023.