Change characteristics and influencing factors of extreme precipitation events in Hanjiang River Basin, China

The Hanjiang River basin (HJB), a representative monsoon-influenced basin in China, is alternately influenced by the southwest monsoon and southeast monsoon throughout the year. However, the variation characteristics of extreme precipitation in the basin, the specific relationship between extreme precipitation and monsoons, and the relative contribution of different monsoons, remains unclear in the HJB. Using multiple datasets, this study analysed the variability of various extreme precipitation types in the HJB during 1985–2020, investigated their relationships with different monsoon indicators and assessed the contribution of natural factors on the extreme precipitation variance. The results reveal a nonsignificant increasing trend in rainstorms within the basin, the severe convective rainstorm days accounted for a high proportion of the total rainstorm days, and the spatiotemporal characteristics of different rainstorm types are different. The rainstorm indicators are significantly correlated with the monsoon within the HJB and are positively correlated with the SWM, particularly its intensity. The SEM exhibits a weak correlation with rainstorms and has limited explanation for the variance in rainstorms. The intensity of SWM within the HJB shows a significant positive correlation with all rainstorm indicators. It is also detected as the most important indicator for explaining the interannual variation in rainstorms, explaining 41.97% and 39.45% of the variance in daily rainstorm frequency and totals, which comprises more than half of the total explanatory portion. The explanation of circulation factors for the variance in daily rainstorms is higher than that for severe convective rainstorms. In addition to monsoons, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Southern Oscillation Index also have a great contribution to the rainstorm variability in the HJB.