RoSES: The Role of the Southern Ocean in the Earth System

The Southern Ocean is a key component in the Earths global carbon cycle and associated climate dynamics, as a primary hotspot for the oceanic sink of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2). However, our understanding of the vital processes in this area was limited. In recognition of this critical knowledge gap, the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) invested £7 million in a pioneering research programme spanning five years, under the Role of the Southern Ocean in the Earth System (RoSES) programme. The overarching objective of this ambitious endeavour was twofold: to substantially reduce uncertainty in 21st-century global climate change projections and to lay a robust scientific foundation to guide international climate policy.

The strength of the RoSES programme is built on the synergies between five distinct but interwoven projects:-

• SONATA focussed on the Southern Ocean's biological and physical processes, and the relationship between oceanic currents and marine life that ultimately influences carbon sequestration.
• SARDINE assessed the Southern Ocean's role in regulating global nutrient cycles, a key aspect with impacts on carbon dynamics and, consequently, climate patterns.
• PICCOLO focussed on phytoplankton and their role as carbon consumers, examining how these tiny organisms contribute to the Southern Ocean's carbon sink.
• CUSTARD investigated the Southern Ocean's role in atmospheric CO2 uptake, further enriching the understanding of this vast region's carbon dynamics.
• CELOS focussed on the Southern Ocean's contribution to the global ocean overturning circulation, a critical component in the Earth's climate system.

Each of these projects focussed on different element within the Southern Ocean domain, collectively seeking to uncover its carbon dynamics and unravel the complexities associated with anthropogenic CO2.

This poster will provide an overview of the delivery and management of the RoSES programme and will signpost to the outputs and dissemination activities of those associated with the programme here at EGU2024.