Sedimentary record analysis of the geographic occurrences of storm surge events in response to climate change

The objective of this study is to establish a methodological framework for the study of the pattern changes in terms of geographic occurrences of storm surge events, caused by climate changes. The intensification of storms as a result of global warming may be true because of the enhanced energy level, but any specific situation depends on the geographic location. Due to the spherical shape of the earth and the distribution characteristics of the sea and land, climate zones are formulated, with variations with latitude and longitude. Thus, there are several possible combinations for storm intensity and frequency changes, but where do these different patterns occur and what are the control mechanisms? Here we carry out analyses of sedimentary records to answer these questions, by identifying the relationship between storm processes and the resultant product of deposition. We capture time series information on changes in intensity and frequency of Typhoons in Southeastern Asia and Hurricanes in the Atlantic, from sedimentary records within and near the storm event regions, and then compare them with other synchronous information on SST, ENSO, monsoon, ocean circulation, and atmospheric dust transport, to find clues for mechanism studies. We obtained the materials from the various marine environments, including tidal flats, coastal lagoons, beaches and coastal dunes, storm boulders on biological reefs and continental shelf regions, to identify the presence of storm event records, and obtain the information on the dynamic process that generates the record, in terms of the intensity and frequency of storms. sediment records, and studies of sediment records were carried out. Since the sedimentary records are distributed over low to middle latitudes, the zonation changes in the storm intensity/frequency can be compared with climate changes during the Holocene period. The data sets obtained so far reveal both patterns of synchronicity and asynchronicity of storm pattern changes in different geographical zones and during different climatic periods. The combined effects of the changes in the various factors, as mentioned above, may explain the complexity of the changing patterns. However, in order to quantify or establish a general model for the storm pattern and climate changes, the uncertainties of this study should be reduced, by enhancing the accuracy of storm intensity and frequency indicators, and improving the techniques to determine the spatial resolution of the sedimentary records of storm events.