WACCM-X simulations with NAVGEM-HA meteorological analyses and SABER observations of mesosphere and lower thermosphere temperature

Realistic modeling of the dynamics and variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) is significant to understand the coupling of the whole atmosphere system. Here we present the simulations of the MLT temperatures at ~100 km altitude for one year during 2014 by Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere-ionosphere extension (WACCM-X) constrained below ~90 km using meteorological analysis products of the high-altitude version of Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM-HA). The model results are sampled at the same times and locations as the satellite observations from Thermosphere Ionosphere and Mesosphere Electric Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER). Comparisons of the daily mean temperatures show that the observed and modeled values are correlated (correlation coefficient equals to ~0.5-0.7) at latitudes away from the equator. Both the observations and simulations reveal an annual variation at mid-latitudes with the temperature maximum in summer and minimum in winter, and at lower latitudes the semiannual variation becomes stronger having the temperature maximums at equinoxes and minimums during solstices. However, the temperatures observed are on average ~5-10 K (3-5%) smaller than the model and the observations show a larger variability across all latitudes between 50^oS-50^oN. The WACCM-X simulations with constrains by NAVGEM-HA meteorological analyses are overall consistent with the SABER observations though some differences are noticed. Whole atmosphere models with high altitude observation constrains would be useful to improve the numerical simulations of the MLT variability and the atmosphere and ionosphere coupling.