Eoarchean-Paleoarchean crustal material in the southern North China Craton and possible mantle reservoir of early Earth

The depleted mantle and the continental crust are largely geochemically and isotopically complementary. However, the question of when the depleted mantle reservoirs developed on Earth remains a topic of considerable debate. In this study, we report the existence of a ca. 3.8 Ga detrital zircon from the quartzite of the Paleoproterozoic Songshan Group in the southern North China Craton. In situ zircon hafnium isotopic characteristics of the 3.8–3.2 Ga detrital zircons indicate the presence of source rocks as old as ca. 4.5 Ga in the southern North China Craton. Together with the global zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope dataset from the North China Craton, Jack Hills, Acasta as well as available μ¹⁴²Nd values of ancient rocks from Archean craton worldwide, the new results indicate that the silicate Earth has differentiated at 4.5–4.4 Ga almost immediately after accretion, developing continental crust and a complementary depleted mantle reservoir at that same time.