Characterizing auroral precipitation and ionospheric conductance with the Dragon King model in MAGE

Auroral precipitation plays an important role in the magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (MIT) coupling. Various precipitation spectra have been observed and they are driven by different physical mechanisms. In this study, we report the Dragon King model which is used to characterize auroral precipitation and its consequent ionospheric conductance in the Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) model, a newly developed whole geospace model. Mono-energetic electron precipitation is derived from large-scale field-aligned currents and drift-physics informed loss cone rate, using the linearized Fridman-Lemaire relation. Diffuse electron precipitation is derived with a drift-physics based ring current model, in which electron lifetime due to interactions with chorus and hiss waves is obtained with an empirical table and electron loss rate is informed by drift physics and IGRF magnetic field. Broadband electron precipitation is derived from a statistical relationship between field-aligned Alfvénic Poynting flux and the precipitation energy flux and number flux. The Dragon King model is validated from different perspectives with various observational data, including the statistical pattern during different categories of solar wind driving conditions, and along-trajectory comparison with satellite measurements. The Dragon King model is further used to understand the drivers of different precipitation and their relative importance with MAGE simulations.