The continually evolving large ice sheets present in the Northern Hemisphere during the last glacial cycle caused significant changes to drainage pathways both through directly blocking rivers and through glacial isostatic adjustment. These changing drainage pathways drove the formation, evolution and (sometimes catastrophic) drainage of large glacial lakes such as Lake Agassiz. Studies have shown this changing hydrology had a significant impact on the ocean circulation through changing the pattern of freshwater discharge into the oceans. A coupled Earth system model simulation of the last glacial cycle thus requires a lake model that uses a set of river pathways and lakes that evolve with Earth's changing orography. Here, we present a method for dynamically modelling lakes (building on previous work on dynamically modelling rivers) by applying predefined corrections to an evolving fine-scale orography (accounting for the changing ice sheets and isostatic rebound) each time the river directions and lakes basins are recalculated. The lakes are delineated from this corrected fine scale orography and water level within each lake is modelled within the JSBACH land surface model. Lake inflow and outflow are linked to the existing river flow model within JSBACH while evaporation from the lake surface is linked to the ECHAM atmospheric general circulation model.

How to cite: Riddick, T. and Kleinen, T.: Dynamic Lake Modelling for Coupled Climate Model Simulations of the Last Glacial Cycle, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-19737, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-19737, 2024.

  Understanding Earth's climate is more important than ever, as it allows us to anticipate future changes and their potential impact on human society. The study of paleoclimate is crucial for understanding the mechanisms that have driven past climate variations, including natural oscillations, external forcings, and feedback processes within the Earth's climate system. Stable water isotopes (H₂¹⁸O and HD¹⁶O) can serve as tracers to analyze the origins of water vapor, precipitation, and cloud formation, thereby enhancing our understanding of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation processes.

  In order to understand coupled dynamics process, such as such as atmospheric convection/cloud formation, land surface processes, and sea ice effects according isotope insight, we developed an isotope-enabled fully coupled model(atmosphere-land-ocean coupled model), MIROC6-iso.

  MIROC6 is the newest version of the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC) series. MIROC6 has updated the physical parameterizations in all sub-modules and vertical resolution. The overall reproducibility of mean climate, internal climate variability, midlatitude atmospheric circulation and tropical climate systems in MIROC6 is better than that in MIROC5.

  Based on the AGCM MIROC6-iso to which stable water isotopes are implemented into the atmosphere and land-surface component[1], we implemented the stable water isotopes into the ocean and sea-ice component at first. Then, we make the atmosphere, land-surface, ocean and sea-ice component coupled and enabled them to interacted with each other.

  We performed the simulation under the preindustrial period (PI), corresponding to the climate conditions at 1850 CE. In the ocean component, we employed a spin-up process by separately running the ocean model COCO-iso from the  ocean component of the CGCM MIROC6-iso for 4000 years. This was done to establish initial conditions for the ocean part of CGCM MIROC6-iso, ensuring that the ocean component operates directly under equilibrium conditions.

 CGCM MIROC6-iso shows a good performance in simulating isotope ratios in precipitation. Additionally, we compared the d-excess of precipitation, as well as the isotopic delta values of the ocean surface and deep ocean. We also examined the relationship between the isotopic delta values and both temperature and sea surface salinity.

 CGCM MIROC6-iso may has many potential applications in climate analysis, such as analyzing the monsoon wind fields in monsoon cycles, as well as the coupled mechanisms of the atmosphere and ocean in ENSO, monsoon and so on. Then it can be used to analyse the climate of the past. We hope this new model could contribute to CMIP6/PMIP4.

[1] Okazaki, A., Li, Y., Kino, K., Cauquoin, A., and Yoshimura, K., Evaluation of a newly developed isotope-enabled AGCM MIROC6-iso under the present climate, AGU 2023, San Francisco (USA), December 2023.

How to cite: Li, Y., Cauquoin, A., Okazaki, A., and Yoshimura, K.: Development of the Isotope-enabled Fully Coupled Model MIROC6-iso, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-11691, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-11691, 2024.

The stable water isotope ratios of water trapped in polar ice cores have been used to make inferences about temperatures and precipitation of the past.  Coupled climate models with the capability to simulate these stable water isotopes and their distribution throughout the hydrological cycle, are a valuable tool to help us understand the relationship between the isotopic signature and the climate state.  Here we compare the Last interglacial (LIG) climate and the isotopic signature simulated by three models with embedded water isotope diagnostics (ECHAM6, NASA-GISS and HadCM3). We look at these model's ability to simulate polar climate, both Arctic and Antarctic, and show how the isotope signature compares with available ice core estimates. All the models simulate a warming and heavier precipitation in Arctic for the LIG, compared to their corresponding preindustrial control simulations. There are however differences in the magnitude and pattern of these changes. In Antarctica, there are considerable differences in PI to LIG warming and precipitation patterns between models. We decompose the δ18O changes, showing that the impact of seasonality changes in precipitation on δ18O are similar in the models. However, changes in δ18O due to other changes, particularly those driven by source impacts including sea ice changes, are more variable between the models. Finally, we analyse LIG North Atlantic water hosing experiments run using HadCM3. A 0.25Sv hosing in the North Atlantic leads to a shutdown of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. This prevents North Atlantic heat loss and leads to a warmer Antarctica. The δ18O signature in these hosed runs has a closer match to the ice core observations, compared to the standard (non-hosed) LIG simulation.

How to cite: Sivankutty, R., Sime, L., Cauquoin, A., Werner, M., N.LeGrande, A., Goursaud, S., and Malmierca Vallet, I.: The water isotope signature for the Last interglacial in three water isotope enabled climate models., EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-20074, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-20074, 2024.

The quaternary climate is characterised by glacial-interglacial cycles, with the most recent transition from the last glacial maximum to the present interglacial (the last deglaciation) occurring between ~ 21 and 9 ka. While the deglacial warming at southern high latitudes is mostly in phase with atmospheric CO2 concentrations, some proxy records have suggested that the onset of the warming occurred before the CO2 increase. In addition, southern high latitudes exhibit a cooling event in the middle of the deglaciation (15–13 ka) known as the Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR). In this study, we analyse transient simulations of the last deglaciation performed by six different climate models as part of the 4th phase of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) to understand the processes driving southern high latitude surface temperature changes. While proxy records from West Antarctica and the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean suggest the presence of an early warming before 18 ka, only half the models show a significant warming (~1 °C or ~10 % of the total deglacial warming). All models simulate a major warming during Heinrich stadial 1 (HS1, 18–15 ka), greater than the early warming, in response to the CO2 increase. Moreover, simulations in which the AMOC weakens show a more significant warming during HS1 as a result. During the ACR, simulations with an abrupt increase in the AMOC exhibit a cooling in southern high latitudes, while those with a reduction in the AMOC in response to rapid meltwater exhibit warming. We find that all climate models simulate a southern high latitude cooling in response to an AMOC increase with a response timescale of several hundred years, suggesting the model’s sensitivity of AMOC to meltwater, and the meltwater forcing in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean affect southern high latitudes temperature changes. Thus, further work needs to be carried out to understand the deglacial AMOC evolution with the uncertainties in meltwater history. Finally, we do not find substantial changes in simulated Southern Hemisphere westerlies nor in the Southern Ocean meridional circulation during deglaciation, suggesting the need to better understand the processes leading to changes in southern high latitude atmospheric and oceanic circulation as well as the processes leading to the deglacial atmospheric CO2 increase.

How to cite: Obase, T., Menviel, L., Abe-Ouchi, A., Vadsaria, T., Ivanovic, R., Snoll, B., Sherriff-Tadano, S., Valdes, P., Gregoire, L., Kapsch, M.-L., Mikolajewicz, U., Bouttes, N., Roche, D., Lhardy, F., He, C., Otto-Bliesner, B., Liu, Z., and Chan, W.-L.: Multi-model assessment of the deglacial climatic evolution at high southern latitudes , EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-13780, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-13780, 2024.

The last deglaciation is characterized by a sequence of abrupt climate events, with melting ice sheets as its most distinctive feature. By meltwater release, ice sheets affect the oceanic circulation and modulate the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Understanding the stability of the AMOC under deglacial boundary conditions is therefore of vital importance for a better understanding of the climate trajectory from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the Holocene. To this end, we explore the impact of different glacial/deglacial boundary conditions (greenhouse gas concentrations (GHG), orbital parameters, ice-sheet topography) on the stability of the AMOC in freshwater hosing experiments using the Earth system model CESM1.2. This study is part of coordinated activities within the German climate modeling initiative (PalMod). For this purpose, three different configurations with various combinations of boundary conditions are used: (i) Full 15.2 ka boundary conditions, (ii) 15.2 ka boundary conditions except for LGM GHG, and (iii) LGM boundary conditions with 15.2 ka ice-sheet topography. After initial spin-up model integrations (3000-4000 years), freshwater hosing (0.1 Sv and 0.2 Sv; 400-700 years) is performed to each experiment, in which the AMOC is perturbed in the ice-rafted debris belt in the Northern Atlantic Ocean (40°N–55°N, 45°W–20°W). We find that the AMOC is most stable with respect to hosing under full 15.2 ka boundary conditions. Under reduced (LGM) GHG forcing, the AMOC becomes more unstable and collapses with only 0.1 Sv of freshwater hosing. Under certain conditions (15.2 ka boundary conditions with 0.1 Sv hosing) the AMOC exhibits bistability. Abrupt recovery along with an overshoot of the AMOC after removal of the hosing resembles Bølling/Allerød (B/A) warming by its intensity and duration. Finally, spontaneous (unhosed) millennial-scale AMOC oscillations are found under LGM boundary conditions with 15.2 ka ice-sheet topography. In sum, our set of experiments indicates that the deglacial AMOC evolution was the result of a non-linear complex interplay between different forcing factors rather than a simple (linear) response to meltwater forcing.

How to cite: Latinovic, D., Merkel, U., and Prange, M.: Deglacial AMOC sensitivity in freshwater hosing experiments using CESM, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-16340, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-16340, 2024.

Simulating and reproducing the past Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) with comprehensive climate models are essential to test the ability of models to simulate different climates. At the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), reconstructions show a shoaling of the AMOC compared to modern climate. However, almost all state-of-the-art climate models simulate a deeper LGM AMOC. Here, we conduct a multi-model analysis using outputs from all PMIP phases (PMIP2 to PMIP4) to consistently explore the causes of this paleodata-model mismatch. The analysis focuses on the role of sea-surface temperature biases in the piControl simulation as well as changes in ocean temperature, salinity and density in each oceanic basin. We further compare the deepwater formation regions in each model and explore potential implications on the interpretation of paleodata-model comparison.

How to cite: Sherriff-Tadano, S., Klockmann, M., Kobayashi, H., Kapsch, M., Liu, B., Ivanovic, R., and Abe-Ouchi, A.: A multi-model analysis of the PMIP LGM AMOC, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-13543, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-13543, 2024.

Climate models rely on parametrizations of unresolved Earth system processes. These often include uncertain parameters that are estimated in a procedure called tuning, where the model output is optimized with respect to selected climate observations. Most models are tuned against present-day observations. However, if the parametrizations robustly represent the underlying physics, a tuned set of model parameters should be valid independent of the simulated climate, including climate states very different from present-day such as the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).

Here, we present the procedure for and the results of an iterative Bayesian tuning of PlaSim-LSG, an Earth system model of intermediate complexity (EMIC). Its low computational cost allows for long simulation periods and large ensembles. For a preliminary tuning restricted to observational information from recent decades, we find a less realistic LGM state of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and sea ice distribution than in the default model version. This could imply that tuning based only on present-day observations might be insufficient to target significantly colder climates such as the LGM. However, prior sensitivity studies have shown that PlaSim-LSG is capable of simulating a wide range of AMOC states under varying ocean diffusivity parameters and handling of freshwater runoff. Therefore, we redefine tuning targets, combining present-day observations with LGM climate reconstructions. We investigate how the weighting of the different climate state metrics in the tuning target impacts the resulting present-day and LGM climates. The goal of this exploratory approach is to test parameter sensitivity and identify state-dependent parameters. This could be used in the future to inform model development decisions by focusing on improving parametrizations with highly state-dependent parameters.

How to cite: Racky, M., Pollak, F., Ziegler, E., Weitzel, N., and Rehfeld, K.: Objective tuning of an EMIC using present-day observations and Last Glacial Maximum climate reconstructions, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-15867, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-15867, 2024.

As the most recent glacial period of Earth's history, the Last Glacial Maximum (~21,000 years before the present day, LGM) is an important and one of the most studied paleo times when the ice-sheet coverage was at the maximum extent, and the global average temperature was 6°C cooler than present day (PI). The large volume of ice caused an approximately 130 m drop in sea level and exposure of the continental shelves, shifting the tidal dissipation energy that sinks in the present-day shelf seas to the open ocean during the LGM. Regarding this hypothesis, the LGM ocean is expected to be more turbulent and well-ventilated in the abyssal and possibly have a much stronger overturning circulation in the North Atlantic compared to the present day. However, the paleo records of δ¹³C indicate a deoxygenated deep ocean for LGM. In this study, we test the LGM hypothesis on the global circulation and marine biogeochemical processes by implementing a new energetically consistent ocean mixing parameterization: Internal Wave Dissipation, Energy, and Mixing (IDEMIX) in the fully coupled isotope-enabled Community Earth System Model (iCESM1.2). For the scope of this study, we solely focus on baroclinic tidal-induced mixing by parameterizing dissipation from the internal wave breaking in IDEMIX. Our preliminary results illustrate the LGM ocean as more vigorous than the PI ocean only when the IDEMIX is used in the model since the diffusivities are enhanced by almost two orders of magnitude, especially over the rough bathymetry with IDEMIX coupling. Otherwise, no significant difference is observed between the vertical diffusivities of LGM and PI oceans without IDEMIX, despite the divergence in their tidal energy dissipation fields. The increase in the diffusivities with IDEMIX application can be seen not just at the ocean bottom but also along the entire water column near the internal wave generation sites where the tidal energy dissipation is strongest (e.g., the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, the Hawaiian Ridge, or high latitudes in Atlantic). Consistent with the hypothesis, the turbulence near the exposed shelves is boosted in the deep ocean and dispersed across different depth levels from here when the model uses IDEMIX for the LGM simulation. Additionally, the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) cell gets weaker and shallower by ∼ 2 Sv, and the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) cell enlarges based on the IDEMIX influence on the LGM ocean.

How to cite: Pilatin, H., Paul, A., Pollmann, F., and Schulz, M.: Response of large-scale Ocean Circulation to Global Internal Wave Parameterization IDEMIX under Last Glacial Maximum Conditions, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-2362, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-2362, 2024.

The Indian Ocean exhibits multiple modes of interannual climate variability, whose future behaviour is uncertain. Recent analysis of glacial climates has uncovered an additional El Niño-like equatorial mode in the Indian Ocean, which could also emerge in future warm states. Here we explore changes in the tropical Indian Ocean simulated by the Paleoclimate Model Intercomparison Project (PMIP4). These simulations are performed by an ensemble of models contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 and over five coordinated experiments: four past periods (midHolocene, lgm, lig127k and midPliocene-eoi400) and an idealized forcing scenario to examine the impact of greenhouse forcing. The two interglacial experiments are used to characterize the role of orbital variations in the seasonal cycle, whilst the others are focused on responses to large changes in global temperature. The Indian Ocean Basin Mode (IOBM) is damped in both the mid-Holocene and last interglacial, with the amount related to the damping of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation in the Pacific. No coherent changes in the strength of the IOBM are seen with global temperature changes; neither are changes in the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) nor the Niño-like mode. Under orbital forcing, the IOD robustly weakens during the mid-Holocene experiment, with only minor reductions in amplitude during the last interglacial. Orbital changes do impact the SST pattern of the Indian Ocean Dipole, with the cold pole reaching up to the Equator and extending along it. Induced changes in the regional seasonality are hypothesized to be an important control on changes in the Indian Ocean variability.

How to cite: Brierley, C., Thirumalai, K., Grindrod, E., Grosvenor, H., Barnsley, J., Williams, C., and Ford, H.: Indian Ocean variability changes in the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-5380, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-5380, 2024.

The Australian continent spans tropical to extra-tropical latitudes with corresponding variety of temperature and precipitation. In the tropical north of Australia, the monsoon and resultant precipitation is critical for agriculture and human habitation. The timing of monsoon onset and duration of the monsoon season is therefore an essential piece of information for understanding the hydroclimate of northern Australia. The present-day monsoon onset, defined as the reversal of lower tropospheric winds, occurs on 24 December ± 15 days, and the average duration of the monsoon season is 80 days. The areal extent of the monsoon is also a critical aspect of the hydroclimate, with a poleward penetration of monsoon precipitation improving agricultural and habitation conditions.

The present day northern Australian monsoon has been widely studied. The palaeo-monsoon, however, has rarely been studied and never using downscaled climate models. Here we present the first results from such modelling of the timing of monsoon onset, duration, and extent for three time slice simulations: 6000 BP, 12000 BP, and 21000 BP. These results are compared to a pre-industrial control simulation (1850) and NCEP data for 1991 – 2021. The simulations were performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, with initial and boundary conditions taken from the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Both models were adjusted for the appropriate greenhouse gas concentrations, insolation, and land-sea distribution.

How to cite: Lowry, A. and McGowan, H.: Quantifying the Australian monsoon since the Last Glacial Maximum using downscaled models, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-12117, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-12117, 2024.

The changes of summer monsoon precipitation over West Africa has been well documented for the past climate. However, the specific changes in the onset, withdrawal, and duration of the WASM have not been explored extensively due to the lack of high temporal resolution reconstructions.

Solar insolation, which reaches its maximum during boreal summer, acts as the primary energy source for the monsoon system. The precession of Earth's orbit regulates the occurrence of perihelion and aphelion and the length of the summer season. To examine the role of precession on the WASM, we conducted 24 time-slice simulations, altering the precession angle from 0° to 345° with a 15° interval.

Using simulated daily precipitation for West Africa, we analyzed the intensity, onset, withdrawal, and duration of the summer monsoon in our model study. Our findings reveal that precession has a significant influence on the intensity and duration of the WASM. Generally, during the northern summer, if Earth is closer to perihelion, the WASM tends to be stronger but shorter. Conversely, if Earth is closer to aphelion, the WASM is weaker but has a longer duration.

These results emphasize the importance of considering the orbital effect on the WASM intensity and duration over a precessional cycle.

How to cite: Shi, X., Yang, H., Liu, J., Lohmann, G., and Werner, M.: Precessional effects on West Africa summer monsoon intensity and duration, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-20613, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-20613, 2024.

We investigated the precipitation changes in mid-latitude arid central Asia (ACA, including Central Asia and Xinjiang) and the related mechanisms in the mid-Holocene using the output from the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phases 3 and 4 (PMIP3/4). The annual precipitation in ACA was decreased in the mid-Holocene compared with the pre-industrial period, consistent in direction with reconstruction records. Such change was mainly due to deficient winter and spring (December–May) precipitation in the mid-Holocene. The decrease in incoming solar radiation in the mid-Holocene winter and spring caused stronger surface and tropospheric cooling in the northern low latitudes. It reduced the meridional temperature gradient in the troposphere, thereby weakening the westerly winds and related transport of water vapor. More importantly, the cooling weakened the local water cycle in ACA. Finally, the precipitation decreased over almost all of ACA. In the mid-Holocene summer (June–August), the meridional temperature gradient and related westerly winds were also reduced. It was mainly caused by stronger surface and tropospheric warming in the northern mid- to high latitudes. The stronger warming was due to increased summer incoming solar radiation in the mid-Holocene. This process differed from that occurred in winter and spring. Therefore, the water vapor transport was weakened, and the summer precipitation was deficient in northern ACA. At the same time, strengthened descending motions contributed to the decrease in summer precipitation in most Central Asia. On the contrary, intensified ascending motions increased summer precipitation in southeastern Xinjiang. 

How to cite: Wang, T., Xu, H., Jiang, D., and Yao, J.: Mechanisms of reduced mid-Holocene precipitation in arid central Asia as simulated by PMIP3/4 models, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-7693, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-7693, 2024.

Stratospheric aerosol injection from volcanic eruptions results in a complex set of responses driving climate effects across various time and spatial scales. However, the physical mechanisms through which volcanic forcing causes long-term global and regional cooling remain insufficiently examined. In particular, the climate feedbacks and responses to a cluster of strong volcanic eruptions that occurred pre-Holocene are still poorly quantified. We examine the cooling potential of volcanic clusters and assess the short- and long-term memory of regional and global climatic variability using a suite of idealised volcanic forcing experiments with the Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3. We compare the responses to Northern Hemisphere high and low latitude volcanic clusters and the impact of different boundary conditions. We find a largely similar surface air temperature response to low and high latitude volcanic clusters. Individual volcanic eruptions lead to a global mean surface air temperature cooling of approximately 0.5°-1.5°C, and this cooling appears to increase after successive eruptions. We also investigate changes in the coupling between northward heat transport, Arctic sea ice, and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation caused by the volcanic forcing.

How to cite: Dutta, D., Hopcroft, P., Aubry, T., and Muschitiello, F.: Surface air temperature response to strong volcanic clusters in the Last Glacial Maximum, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-17867, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-17867, 2024.

Using all available simulations performed by climate models participating in PMIP4 (Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project – Phase 4), we quantify the seasonality change of surface air temperature over China during the mid-Holocene (6000 years ago) and the associated physical mechanisms. Relative to the preindustrial period, all 16 models consistently show an enhanced temperature seasonality (i.e., summer minus winter temperature) across China during that interglacial period, with a nationally averaged enhancement of 2.44°C or 9% for the multimodel mean. The temperature seasonality change is closely related with the seasonal contrast variation of surface energy fluxes mainly due to the mid-Holocene orbital forcing. Specifically, the summer–winter increase in surface net shortwave radiation dominates the intensified temperature seasonality at the large scale of China during the mid-Holocene; the surface net longwave radiation has a minor positive contribution in most of the Tibetan Plateau and eastern China; and both the surface latent and sensible heat fluxes show partial offset effects in most of the country. There are uncertainties in the reconstructed temperature seasonality over China during the mid-Holocene based on the proxy data that can reflect seasonal signals.

How to cite: Tian, Z.: Enhanced seasonality of surface air temperature over China during the mid-Holocene, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-1945, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-1945, 2024.

The aim of this study is to analyze the past climate over the Arabian Peninsula and the changes which will influence the future climate change. This study will focus on the Holocene climate over the Arabian Peninsula, that began 11,700 years ago. In this study the ensemble simulations of the LOVECLIM coupled model is used considering that the model proven to be the best concurrence with the reconstructions. LOVECLIM 1.2 model includes the atmosphere component is ECBilt2, the ocean and see ice component is CLIO3, the continental biosphere component land surface VECODE, the oceanic carbon cycle component LOCH, and the polar ice sheet component AGISM. LOVECLIM 1.2 simulate the present climate conditions and the last 20 millennia, the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene climate. The model used to simulate temperatures and precipitations in the Last Glacial Maximum and the Holocene climate over the Arabian Peninsula. The model outcomes indicate that high amount of precipitation occurred over the central region of  the Arabian Peninsula during the mid Holocene. The fluctuation of the Indian monsoon and the shift of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) plays huge part on participation over the Arabian Peninsula.

How to cite: Alsarraf, H.: Using Paleoclimate modeling to analyse the precipitations and temperatures during the Holocene over the Arabian Peninsula, EGU General Assembly 2024, Vienna, Austria, 14–19 Apr 2024, EGU24-21638, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-21638, 2024.