Global ionospheric disturbances during the 10-11 Oct 2024 superstorm

An international campaign that encompassed diverse arrays of ground observations, including incoherent scatter radars and observational chains around the 60W~120E Meridian Circle, during the 10-11 Oct 2024 superstorm, was conducted to observe global upper atmospheric responses. This superstorm was driven by the arriving ICMEs which were associated with several solar eruptions on 7 and 8 Oct, 2024, respectively. Significant geomagnetic disturbances were observed as solar wind speeds elevated from 400 km/s to 800km/s, Bz turned southward reaching -24 nT initially then -41 nT at 22 UT on 10 Oct. SymH dropped to a minimum of 330 nT and Kp was above 8- for 21 hours which provided opportunities to watch spectacular auroras over around the world. These conditions triggered multi-scale global ionospheric disturbances. These disturbances are characterized by the sudden onset of the ionospheric perturbations in GNSS TEC observations, and the immediate launch of traveling ionospheric disturbances which propagated both equatorward into low latitudes (sometimes into the other hemisphere), and poleward across the polar cap from dayside to nightside. Subauroral disturbances exhibited characteristic storm-enhanced density (SED) plumes in the American longitudes, which convected sunward from dusk to noon and entered the cusp region contributing to the polar cap Tongue of Ionization (TOI) structure. Substantial equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) poleward extension contributing to the density enhancement at the low latitude base of SED. A significant density depletion channel spanning between midlatitudes over the two hemispheres was found, accompanying the equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) development. This presentation provides a quick overview of the key observations with a focus primarily on TEC global responses.