The importance of subsoil groundwater table measurement in peatlands

This study investigates groundwater table fluctuations within selected montane peat bogs in Czechia, focusing on their hydrological processes and the role of deeper subsoil aquifers beneath the peaty soil horizon. Montane peat bogs, such as those in the Šumava Mountains, are critical landscape components due to their role in carbon sequestration and as unique ecosystems supporting many species. While previous research often relies on near-surface groundwater table measurements, this study highlights the importance of subsoil water sources and their contribution to the hydrological dynamics of ombrotrophic peat bogs. Subsoil aquifers can significantly influence vertical water movement, including percolation and evaporation, whereas their absence may accelerate fluctuations in the near-surface water table.

The research also explores the implications of well penetration, perforation depth, and the connectivity of more permeable layers beneath the peat soil profile. Using manual and automatic measurements taken across various locations within the peat bog, the study provides a detailed analysis of vertical groundwater fluctuations, demonstrating notable variability across different vegetation covers and peat layers. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the hydrological function of peat bogs, offering insights into the interactions between rainfall events, groundwater behavior, and runoff response.

The study emphasizes the essential role of montane peat bogs in maintaining hydrological balance in the context of climate change. The insights gained are particularly relevant for peatland restoration efforts and climate adaptation strategies, as they underline the need for a comprehensive approach to groundwater monitoring that includes subsoil aquifer dynamics.

This research was supported by the GACR project 23-06859K.