Quantifying spatial mismatch between virtual and physical office spaces

Digital city contributes to improving resource allocation efficiency and quality of life, with a key component being the division of functional areas. This division directly influences the optimal allocation of urban spatial resources and the efficient operation of various services. However, a mismatch exists between virtual and physical city functions. For instance, many office activities do not occur in physical office spaces. In this study, Guangzhou is taken as the research area to quantify this mismatch in office spaces, utilizing mobile signaling data and POI (Point of Interest) data, and analyzing the factors influencing the mismatch. Mobile signaling data, combined with office software usage records, reveals the precise locations of office activities from a virtual perspective. POI data provides detailed records of physical office locations, while also encompassing other potential locations where office activities may take place. This study reveals the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of this mismatch in Guangzhou, provides scientific support for the development of digital cities.