Analysis of the May 2024 Iceland Volcano Eruption Using Coherence Change Detection Techniques

This study focuses on the fifth eruption of the Sundhnúkur volcano on the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, which occurred between May 29 and June 22, 2024. Multi-satellite imaging techniques were used to analyze the activity of this volcano, which erupted a total of seven times between 2023 and 2024. Multiple Landsat-9 satellite images were acquired before and after the eruption, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) techniques were applied to calculate changes in the volcanic plateau. In addition, a series of Sentinel-1 satellite images was used to detect coherence changes during the eruption period and compared with the expanded volcanic plateau derived from Landsat-9 to determine the area of change. The results show that the fifth eruption was characterized by a large number of lava flows and significant volcanic plateau expansion in the early stages, with relatively little lava eruption in the later stages. This study may contribute to the calculation of changes caused by volcanic eruptions in the Icelandic region and could potentially help determine the affected area using a combination of different satellite images. This approach might be useful for future volcanic activity monitoring and disaster management.

Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT) (No. NRF–2023R1A2C1007742).