Assessing the Impact of Urban Development and Land Use Changes on Dhaka's Hazardous Air Quality

Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is currently experiencing critically alarming levels of air pollution, with its Air Quality Index (AQI) exceeding 200, indicating hazardous conditions. This study investigates the factors contributing to Dhaka's deteriorating air quality over the past two decades by integrating AQI data with Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) analyses. Particular attention is given to the impacts of major development projects, including the Metro Rail, Elevated Expressway, and International Airport Terminal 3, on the city’s air quality. Comparative assessments of AQI before and after the completion of these projects reveal a significant worsening of air quality, attributed to increased construction activity and subsequent urbanization. The rapid expansion of impervious surfaces is identified as another critical factor exacerbating the AQI. The findings emphasize the urgent need for sustainable urban planning and air quality management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of development on public health and the environment in Dhaka.