Tourists' understanding of volcanic hazards and risks in Tenerife

The Canary Islands constitute a volcanically active region, where the volcanic risk has significantly increased over the past 50 years due to higher population densities and the growing socio-economic exposure to volcanic hazards. Understanding the perception of volcanic hazards and risks among different societal groups—such as communication professionals, tourists, urban planners, and the general public—is essential for developing effective volcanic risk reduction strategies. While some groups hold specific roles in this endeavor, tourists represent a significant floating population that can meaningfully contribute to volcanic risk management. In 2023, the island of Tenerife welcomed approximately 6.5 million tourists, marking a 10% increase compared to the previous year. For 2024, it is estimated that the number of visitors reached 7.18 million, further solidifying Tenerife as the leading tourist destination in the Canary Islands. 

This study explores tourists' awareness, understanding, and interest regarding volcanoes and volcanic risk management in Tenerife Island. It also examines their potential and preferred roles in enhancing the effectiveness of volcanic risk reduction efforts. To achieve these objectives, a face-to-face questionnaire was designed comprising approximately 30 questions, completed in 10–15 minutes. Around 20% of the questions focused on demographic information, 40% addressed knowledge of volcanic phenomena and risk management, and the remaining 40% assessed tourists' perceptions of volcanic hazards and risks. The survey was conducted in two phases: between July and September 2023 (419 respondents) and September 2024 (323 respondents), resulting in a total sample of 742 tourists. 

Preliminary results reveal that the majority of participants were not aware of the difference between volcanic hazards and risks. Tourists visiting the Canary Islands expressed both a need and demand for more knowledge and information on volcanic risk management. By the end of the questionnaire, many participants reported increased interest in volcanic hazards and risks compared to their initial responses. Furthermore, tourists recognize the importance of their involvement in volcanic risk management and indicated they would feel safer if provided with more education and information on the subject. 

The findings of this research will contribute to tailoring communication strategies and risk reduction measures, ensuring tourists are informed and empowered to play an active role in managing volcanic risks on Tenerife Island and beyond.