Microtremor measurements and analysis for local geology condition of Varanasi city based on seismic vulnerability index (kg)

The microtremor measurements data have been carried out in 72 locations in and around Varanasi city (Uttar Pradesh), India, to understand the local site conditions and preliminary site effect of the Quaternary sediments of Varanasi in the Indo-Gangetic plain. Estimated outcomes from the horizontal to vertical spectral ratio show the predominant frequency varies from 0.34 Hz to 0.94 Hz, site amplification varies from 1.96 to 3.88, and the vulnerability index (Kg) varies from 4.82 to 39.61, and the low shear wave velocity (approximate ~ 300 m/s) down to the depth of 30 m is evident from the synthesis of the 1-D velocity model for the city, which are classified as class D soil type (NEHRP classification). The primary goal of the current study is to determine the dynamic properties of soil response during a potential earthquake in Varanasi city The obtained results will support the seismic microzonation study by identifying areas prone to liquefaction and aiding in mitigating the risks associated with near-surface site failures during seismic activity in and around Varanasi city.