Enhancing Ecosystem Services of Marab Water Harvesting Technology: Integrating Vetch into Traditional Barley-based Cropping Systems for Soil Fertility Restoration

Arid regions are increasingly impacted by water scarcity and land degradation driven by both anthropogenic pressures and natural factors. In Jordan, a predominantly arid country, strategies have been implemented to mitigate these challenges and adapt to the changing climate. Among these strategies, Marab Water Harvesting Technology (WHT) has been established as a key method for sustainable water management. Traditionally, the cropping system in Marab areas has focused on barley monoculture, which limits the production of ecosystem services. To enhance the production of these positive externalities, vetch (Vicia sativa), a leguminous crop, has been introduced into the cropping system. This diversification aims to improve soil fertility and the quality of fodder available for livestock, and to support sustainable agriculture. Preliminary field data are promising, confirming the effectiveness of Marab WHT in providing sufficient water for vetch cultivation, consistent with existing literature. Additionally, vetch has improved total soil nitrogen and organic matter in the Marab cropping system. To further evaluate the scalability and resilience of this cropping system under varying climatic conditions, the FAO AquaCrop model is being employed to test its application in different regions and its adaptability to climate change.