A Composite Spatial Network Model for Delineating Interpatch Influence in Habitat Analysis

The degradation and loss of natural habitats caused by human activities have become a serious threat to the survival of wildlife. Existing habitat models struggle to represent the complex interactions of landscape matrices that drive biogeographical processes, limiting their ability to simulate and analyze habitats on a large scale. Therefore, conducting in-depth interdisciplinary research between GIS and zoogeography is of significant practical value for wildlife and habitat conservation. By leveraging GIS’s advantages in integrating updated high-precision data sources and spatial data analysis, a habitat analysis model based on composite spatial networks is developed to study the likely consequences of surrounding changes. The model constructs a high-dimensional heterogeneous spatial network to comprehensively simulate the effects of surrounding geographical environments on habitats, providing a more reasonable and comprehensive evaluation of species’ potential habitats under the influence of human activities at the macro level, and offering technical methods for empirical research in animal geography. Simulations and empirical tests of the model show that it performs steadily with changes in parameters and effectively characterizes the variations in the simulated environment as parameters change. Additionally, in habitat restoration and wildlife conservation practices, the composite spatial network offers more complete and scientific scenario simulations, providing technical support for balancing economic development and wildlife protection.