Emerging Technologies for Methane Emission Control and Energy Recovery in Underground Coal Mining

The growing stringency of the European Union’s environmental policies, particularly in the area of atmospheric protection, has intensified efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions across multiple sectors. Among the most concerning pollutants is methane (CH₄), well known for its high global warming potential. Recent regulations, including a methane ordinance, reinforce the necessity of reducing emissions from various sources, notably underground coal mines, where ventilation air methane (VAM) accounts for a significant fraction of overall greenhouse gas outputs.

Poland’s mining landscape presents unique challenges in harmonizing environmental objectives with economic imperatives. Of particular note is the strategic importance of coking coal, which the EU deems essential for steel production. In response, initiatives have emerged to uphold the necessity of steel-making while concurrently striving to meet stringent emissions reduction benchmarks. Within this context, the Central Mining Institute - National Research Institute in Poland (GIG) is spearheading research and development of cutting-edge solutions aimed at mitigating methane emissions from ventilation air streams. Central to these endeavors are thermal and catalytic oxidation methods, which offer a dual advantage: lowering methane levels and generating energy from the oxidation process. By converting VAM - even at relatively low CH₄ concentrations - into useful heat, these advanced technologies can significantly reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions. Concurrently, they provide opportunities for energy recovery, thus partially offsetting the operational costs associated with emission control. This model fosters greater economic viability while ensuring a more environmentally responsible approach to coal mining, critical for sustaining steel production across the EU.