Exploring the capabilities of geophysical technologies of the Itineris infrastructures for multiscale investigations of the soil subsoil system.

We here deal with technologies employing geophysical measurements to detect the soil-subsoil physical parameters distribution. In particular, we show the results of the testing of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS)- and ground-based instrumentations, such as: the magnetometer/gradiometer MagNimbus for the total magnetic field measurements (UAV-based); the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) Zond Aero LF (UAV-based); the multi-sensor magnetometer G-864 (ground-based); the electromagnetometer CMD Explorer 6L for the soil-subsoil electromagnetic conductivity evaluation (ground-based). The UAV-based acquisitions are performed using a DJI Matrice 300 RTK drone.

We propose the case-study of the karst plane of the Altopiano di Verteglia (AV, Southern Italy), where UAS-based measurements were performed for water pipes detection. Then, we show the tests using the G-864 system for the vertical gradient measurement of the total magnetic field at Agnano plain (Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy). We also propose the application of the Frequency-Domain Electromagnetic (FDEM) method for water leakage purposes.

We finally discuss the achieved goals and the next technological challenges aimed at refining the survey protocols and strategies in the framework of the multi-scale integration for the soil-subsoil system monitoring.

This work is financed by the project ITINERIS "Italian Integrated Environmental Research Infrastructure Systems" (IR0000032), that is the Italian hub of research infrastructures in the environmental scientific domain, whose creation is supported by the national recovery and resilience plan (PNRR).