The role of media in shaping the hydropolitical interactions in the transboundary basins

New global challenges, such as the intense desire for development and climate change, can exacerbate water conflicts among stakeholders (at local, regional, national, and international levels). Material interests are often regarded as effective tools for resolving conflicts and fostering a spirit of cooperation among riparian countries in transboundary river basins. However, discourses and narratives produced by the media, alongside material factors, play a decisive role in shaping water interactions, a topic that has received less attention. The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of media on transboundary water interactions. To achieve this goal, a systematic review of existing research across various databases was conducted, alongside an analysis of library resources on the influence of media on water interactions. The findings indicate that conflict is an inherent and natural feature of water systems, particularly in shared river basins. However, most media articles and reports tend to intensify water conflicts in shared basins, with limited coverage dedicated to pathways for cooperation that could bring riparian stakeholders together. The use of media to advance the interests of states within a basin often strengthens the potential for water conflicts. Therefore, constructive changes in water diplomacy and conflict transformation require an understanding of the media's role in water cooperation and disputes. This understanding is essential for shaping the water policies of riparian countries.