The fluid-related short-duration events recorded by the OBS in the Mussau Trench

We have deployed 21 of our developed broad-band Ocean‐bottom seismometers (OBSs) along Mussau Trench in September 2024 with 100% recovery, and 19 OBSs recorded completed seismic data. A total of ~830 short‐duration events (SDEs) were picked manually after data preprocessing using the STA/LTA results. Commonly, the SDE seismic signal often described by all of these characteristics: (i) one single‐wave train with no identified P nor S wave arrivals, (ii) duration <1 s, and (iii) a dominant frequency usually between 4 and 30 Hz. In many areas, SDEs have been associated with gas‐ or fluid‐related processes near cold seeps or hydrothermal vents, although fish bumps, instrumental, or current‐generated noise have been proposed as possible sources. Our results show that the bending plate area has the largest number of SDE, which indicates strong hydrogen hydrothermal activities in this area.