Seismo-electromagnetism: observations and mechanisms

Seismogenic mechanism of strong earthquakes plays a fundamental role in disaster prevention. Electromagnetic methods, which are sensitive to fluid, have been widely adopted in the study on seismogenic structure and earthquake physics. Due to the increasing environmental disturbances and limited understanding on electromagnetic anomalies, electromagnetic data cannot fully show their potential values in disaster prevention. We propose an integrated work on seismogenic structure, identification of electromagnetic disturbances, and mechanism of seismo-electromagnetic anomalies. Based on the tests of synthetic and field data, we demonstrate that the multiple electromagnetic methods can reveal the feature of the multi-scaled seismogenic structure. With the developments of the new methodology based on deep learning and the seismo-electromagnetic coupling model, one can investigate the spatio-temporal characteristics of electromagnetic anomalies and their possible relationship with earthquakes. This study may contribute to the study on earthquake forecast and disaster prevention.