Comprehensive study of energy and water exchange over the Tibetan Plateau

Containing elevated topography, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) has significant thermodynamic effects for regional environment and climate change, where understanding energy and water exchange processes (EWEP) is an important prerequisite. However, estimation of the exact spatiotemporal variability of the land-atmosphere energy and water exchange over heterogeneous landscape of the TP remains a big challenge for scientific community. Based on the observation, remote sensing, and numerical simulation, the major advances on EWEP over the past 25 years are systematically summarized in this work. All these results advanced the understanding of different aspects of EWEP over the TP by using in situ measurements, multisource satellite data and numerical modeling. Future studies are recommended to focus on the optimization of the current three[1]dimensional comprehensive observation system, the development of applicable parameterization schemes and the investigation of EWEP on weather and climate changes over the TP and surrounding regions.