A forecasting framework for enhancing gravity variations of finer temporal scales.

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has revolutionized our understanding of Earth’s mass redistribution. However, enhancing the utility of GRACE products remains challenging due to inherent trade-offs between the temporal and spatial resolution, constrained by the mission design. High autocorrelation at the first lag in geoid coefficient time series is a key feature that enables the development of improved forecasting frameworks. Building on this temporal persistence of gravity coefficients, we propose a predictive framework to characterize the relationship between monthly and finer temporal scale-uncertainties of geoid coefficients. The proposed method enables reducing the finer temporal scale-uncertainties to levels comparable with known monthly uncertainties within the ranges of higher spectral degrees. With reduced uncertainties of finer temporal scales for higher spherical harmonic degrees, this predictive framework sets the groundwork for enhancing the analyses of rapid mass variations in the context of regional hydrology.