3D Wind Field Retrieval within Thunderstorm Clouds over Piedmont

Windstorm, particularly driven by thunderstorms, are among the most destructive natural hazards in Europe causing significant economic losses and causalities. Despite various research, the understanding of thunderstorm outflows and their interaction with built and natural environments remains incomplete, especially in regions prone to intense convective activity, such as the northern Italy. This study focuses on the three-dimensional (3D) structure and dynamics of thunderstorm clouds, emphasizing the formation of downburst and gust fronts that generates damaging surface winds. To construct the 3D wind structure, dual Doppler radar systems are utilized, combining data from operational C-band radar and X-Band radar within the study area. A LiDAR instrument was also operational during the investigated event; however, the scanning LiDAR and C-band radar volume do not overlap due to sheltered positioning of the LiDAR relative to the radar. The inclusion of the X-band radar resolves this issue by covering areas that are blind to C-band radar, thereby re-establishing continuity in measurements across the three instruments. This configuration ensures continuous and comprehensive spatial coverage of wind field measurements, spanning from surface to maximum observation altitude.  To carry this out, historical thunderstorm events that occurred in the Piedmont region, Italy, in 2024 are analysed to enhance present understanding of convective dynamics, and the development of severe wind phenomena. This research will also help identify patterns associated with gust fronts and downbursts, hence facilitating improved nowcasting and risk mitigation strategies for these localized windstorms.