Subsidence and sinkholes in Mexico's flow systems caused by intensive groundwater extraction

Subsidence has become a critical issue in Mexico due to the intensive exploitation of groundwater resources. Understanding subsidence in the context of groundwater flow systems is vital for addressing the interaction between water flow patterns and land deformation, thereby improving resource management and preventing damage.

This study analyzed subsidence at a national level using tools such as satellite imagery and GNSS station data to identify and correlate the most affected areas. The evaluation incorporated groundwater flow systems, geological conditions (e.g., soil type, faults, and fractures), and hydrological factors (e.g., over-extraction and limited water availability) that accelerate subsidence.

The results include detailed maps prioritizing the most impacted areas, demonstrating a strong link between subsidence patterns and groundwater extraction. Twelve critical hydrogeological systems were identified, highlighting how local geological conditions and aquifer overexploitation exacerbate sinkholes, impacting ecosystems and infrastructure.

Additionally, predictive models were developed to simulate future subsidence scenarios based on current extraction trends and potential sustainable management strategies. These models provide valuable insights for optimizing water use and mitigating risks associated with subsidence and water stress.

This approach underscores the importance of integrating groundwater flow systems into water management policies to ensure sustainable resource use and minimize the adverse effects of subsidence.