Integrating natural hazards and social vulnerability to estimate lightning-related mortality risk in Mexico

Lightning poses a significant threat to life, infrastructure, and economic sectors worldwide. This study evaluates lightning risk at the municipal level in Mexico by integrating the interplay of natural hazards and social vulnerability into a comprehensive risk estimation. Although lightning-related fatalities have declined in Mexico, likely driven by demographic shifts and improved urban infrastructure, significant social vulnerability persists, particularly in rural areas where labor-intensive agriculture and lower education levels are prevalent. Using this integrated approach, we develop a lightning fatality risk map that identifies high-risk regions in Mexico. These regions are characterized by high lightning occurrence and elevated social vulnerability. By providing detailed municipal-level insights, this research contributes to advancing local resilience and informing policy and disaster risk mitigation efforts, ultimately enhancing public safety in the face of natural hazards.