Application of GIS analysis for PV and V2G optimization with medium and heavy-duty electric vehicles to enhance grid stability

The era of mobility has transitioned to electric vehicles (EVs), with energy—particularly renewable energy sources—forming an inextricable link to environmentally friendly power. However, the growing adoption of EVs increases the load on the power grid, and the integration of renewables introduces variability due to their intermittent generation. This mismatch between power demand and power generation can cause issues such as voltage and frequency instability. To mitigate these effects, the flexibility of EV charging can be utilized to optimize grid operations. Further, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology, which enables bidirectional power flow between the power grid and the vehicle’s battery, offers a dynamic approach to energy management. For medium and heavy-duty (MHD) EVs, the attributes of flexible charging and V2G operations make them particularly attractive candidates for enhancing grid stability. This study explored the potential to manage charging loads and harness surplus renewable energy using MHD EVs. Photovoltaic (PV) systems and EVs were strategically matched both temporally and spatially to create synergy that flattens the net load profile. Additionally, potential sites for bidirectional charging stations were identified through Geographical Information Systems (GIS) analysis, utilizing V2G technology to effectively utilize excess generated energy. This approach promotes sustainable mobility and contributes to grid stability in an environmentally friendly manner.