Detection and mining of water vapour and precipitation information based on microwave hyperspectral techniques

Temperature and humidity are extremely important physical parameters of the atmosphere that can directly constrain atmospheric state variables, form the basis for data assimilation and are routine indicators for weather forecasting. Temperature and humidity parameters directly affect the interaction of solar shortwave radiation with longwave radiation in the earth-air system, which in turn affects the global balance of radiative energy. Therefore, accurate and rapid acquisition of temperature and humidity profiles in the atmosphere is of great significance for human production and life, climate and environmental monitoring and ecosystem assessment. Since the particles in the atmosphere, such as ice, clouds, rain and snow, have a certain attenuation effect on the surface microwave radiation, based on the high vertical resolution and high spectral resolution observation radiation in the test area obtained by the aircraft platform, the Fine Spectrum Microwave Atmospheric Sounder (FSMAS) can obtain different atmospheric information from different channels, so as to obtain more accurate information on the distribution of water vapour and its changes, and invert the atmospheric water vapour contours and precipitation information.