Study on the precipitation tolerance capacity of urban drainage infrastructure and artificial intelligence disaster prevention and early warning

Urban flooding has occurred in many cities in recent years, causing economic and property losses in severe cases. Taiwan also faces the same risk of urban flooding. This study is divided into two stages. The first stage is to understand the possible causes of drainage bottlenecks in urban areas through urban hydrological and hydrological models, so as to understand the current urban drainage precipitation tolerance capacity to withstand rainwater. The second stage uses real-time and forecast rainfall to forecast water level are calculated by (1) automatic scheduling and calculation of the hydrological and hydraulic models and (2) artificial intelligence combined with big data to predict the water level as a disaster prevention warning and prediction tool. The forecast water levels are calculated for the bottleneck channel section, and then forecasts and other disaster prevention monitoring and early warning are combined with strategies such as early operation of the downstream outlet pumping station of the drainage system to improve the flooding problem in local low-lying areas. This study focuses on the problems faced by Taiwan in urban area drainage improvement projects, such as the complexity of traffic and underground pipelines for people's livelihood. Moreover, extreme rainfall caused by severe convective weather every summer has become one of the main causes of urban flooding. In addition, due to climate change, the hydrological characteristics of urban areas have also changed, such as two consecutive rounds of concentrated rainfall and multi-distributed rainfall. Concentrated rainfall in the region exceeded the drainage design protection standards and caused widespread flooding. In 2024, Taipei City, New Taipei City (located in northern Taiwan), and Kaohsiung City (located in southern Taiwan) all experienced two heavy rains, with rainfall exceeding 80-90 mm per hour, causing serious urban flooding disasters. This indicates that concentrated rainfall in the city makes it difficult for urban rainwater sewer drainage in local low-lying areas of the city to resist such floods. In addition to low-lying areas, it needs to further understand the hydrological disaster prevention in urban areas and which important urban roads are prone to urban flooding due to this type of rainfall, so as to provide disaster prevention strategies. Before the project is improved, the non-engineering rainwater system adaptation and disaster prevention strategies of urban drainage are carried out. According to the characteristics of drainage systems in different sections, suitable strategies are integrated to reduce the frequency of flooding in urban areas and improve the adaptation of urban precipitation tolerance capacity. Strategies such as precipitation tolerance capacity are formulated, and the case of New Taipei City is used to illustrate.