Snow Avalanche Hazard Zonation and Climate Change Trends in Kullu Region of Himachal Pradesh, India

This research provides a comprehensive analysis of snow avalanche behavior in the Kullu region of the Indian Himalayas, integrating climate data, terrain characteristics, and field validation to develop a refined hazard zonation model. Over recent decades, the region has seen an increase in avalanche frequency and intensity, linked to rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and human-induced factors such as infrastructure development. The study explores the intricate relationship between meteorological variables like snow temperature and wind speed, and the topographical features that influence avalanche susceptibility.

Using Object-Based Image Segmentation (OBIS) analysis, combined with field surveys and existing literature, the research enhances the precision of avalanche risk identification. This method allows for a more accurate delineation of high-risk areas, improving prediction models for avalanche occurrences. The findings also suggest that ongoing climate change trends will likely escalate the frequency and severity of avalanches, increasing the risks to local populations, infrastructure, and biodiversity in the region.

In addition to its local impact, the study offers valuable insights for global avalanche risk assessment and climate adaptation strategies in mountainous regions. It underscores the need for targeted disaster risk reduction efforts and the development of resilient infrastructure to protect vulnerable mountain communities and ecosystems. The research highlights the importance of incorporating climate change projections into risk management frameworks to mitigate future hazards. By advancing understanding of avalanche dynamics, this study contributes to broader efforts aimed at enhancing the resilience of high-altitude regions worldwide.