Space-Based Observations of Lightning Initiation: A Multisystem Case Study Combining Optical and Electromagnetic Data

By combining space-based data from the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) aboard the International Space Station (ISS) with broadband ground-based electromagnetic measurements, we investigate the relationship between electromagnetic emissions from lightning processes and their optical signatures, focusing on the lightning initiation phase. Our case study is based on data from the SLAVIA (Shielded Loop Antenna with Versatile Integrated Amplifier) magnetic detectors at various European locations, as well as on data from the lightning location systems ENTLN (Earth Networks Total Lightning Network), WWLLN (World Wide Lightning Location Network), EUCLID (European Cooperation for Lightning Detection), and from the SAETTA Lightning Mapping Array. Our analysis of 11 lightning flashes from 2020-2023 reveals that the light emitted during the preliminary breakdown stage can be clearly observable from the low Earth orbit, highlighting the potential for space-based systems to detect and study the lightning initiation processes.