Wealth inequality amplified the anthropogenic dust mortality

Unlike natural dust (NDust), which primarily affects sparsely populated areas, mitigating health disparities from anthropogenic dust (ADust) fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) is crucial. ADust PM_2.5 has significant effects on public health and socio-economic conditions. With internal economic inequality widening within countries globally, urbanization, and aging populations exacerbating social vulnerability, assessing the health burden of ADust PM_2.5 pollution is crucial for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3.9. This study integrates annual population and economic data with dust (include ADust and NDust) PM_2.5 concentrations to evaluate mortality due to this exposure and its relationship with income inequality. Our findings reveal a significant association between income inequality and mortality due to dust PM_2.5 exposure, considering variables such as the Gini index, GDP per capita, and exposed population structure. Greater income inequality and significant demographic change amplify the public health impacts of dust PM_2.5 pollution. Addressing wealth distribution inequalities is essential in pollution risk research and policy-making. Optimizing wealth distribution and enhancing control of ADust can effectively reduce health risks, fostering sustainable social development.