From Atmosphere to Ocean: Understanding the Chemistry and Consequences of CO₂ Emissions

Rising atmospheric CO₂ levels significantly contribute to the greenhouse effect and ocean acidification. This rapid increase, unparalleled in geological history, poses a major threat to marine organisms such as corals and mollusks, whose calcium carbonate-based shells and skeletons are highly sensitive to changes in pH.

Ocean acidification is driven by excess atmospheric CO₂, largely resulting from human activities like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. While the oceans absorb approximately 25% of this excess CO₂, helping to mitigate global warming, this process negatively impacts marine ecosystems by altering chemical balances essential for marine life.

Our project aims to investigate the factors influencing pH variation in ocean waters, the methods for accurately measuring these changes, and their biological consequences. To achieve these objectives, we will conduct a series of hands-on experiments in the school laboratory to simulate acidification effects. Additionally, we will delve into the historical study of pH and CO₂ concentration changes over geological timescales, providing students with a comprehensive understanding of the interconnectedness of human actions, environmental changes, and marine ecosystems.