Geodynamic Models For Normal Faulting and Crustal Dynamics In Western Anatolia-Aegean Region

Normal faults dipping from very shallow ( 5°-10°) to steep (80°-85°) dip angles have been identified in regions of continental extension.  Andersonian fault mechanics is not consistent with slip in such dip angles, hence the origin of normal faults, especially in shallow dips remains not well understood. A series of geological and geophysical observations have been used to interpret that graben bounding faults (shear zones) in western Anatolia are represented by low angle normal (detachment) faults. Here, reconciling geodynamic models with data, we aim to explain how array of normal faults including major detachment systems in this high magnitude of extensional region are formed. Namely, we track the evolution of strain across the whole crust in which various ranges of viscosities are implemented to the lower crust that permits the flow. The crustal flow accommodates fault rotation, meanwhile, we examine the role of pre-existing shallow dipping faults which may be reactivated when brittle properties of the upper crust (cohesion) is realistic. Our results, in particular, provide important insights into the genetic relationship between the fault mechanics and the (lower) crustal dynamics and have implications on how tectonic deformation in continents are complex, especially in regions where multistage orogenic and post orogenic events develop.