Some of The Many Roles that Sponges Play in Marine Ecosystems

Sponges (Phylum Porifera) have adapted to a wide range of ecological niches, from shallow coastal waters to deep-sea environments, where they influence nutrient flow in the environment and the complexity of their habitat. These sedentary species are filter feeders, and affect the water quality by removing suspended particles, bacteria, and plankton via continuous filtering of large volumes of water. This process helps regulate nutrient levels and improves water quality by preventing overgrowth of algae and maintains homeostasis in marine ecosystems, which will consequently affect the productivity of the ecosystem. In addition, the local nutrient dynamics is influenced by the symbiotic relationships between sponges and microorganisms (such as bacteria and algae), which provides essential nutrients or helps break down organic matter. Sponges also provide structural complexity to marine habitats. Their porous structure creates microhabitats for a wide variety of marine organisms. Small fishes, some crustaceans (such as crabs and shrimps) and numerous invertebrate species often seek shelter in sponge colonies, particularly in environments like coral reefs or deep-sea ecosystems, where hiding spaces are crucial for evading predators. 

Another role that sponges play in a marine ecosystem is in stabilizing the seafloor. Their ability to attach to hard substrates, like rocks or coral skeletons, helps stabilize benthic environments. The phenotype of sponges helps maintain sediment stability and minimizes the effects of sedimentation, a vital role in preventing habitat degradation.  

Sponges play many essential roles in marine ecosystems, but they face many threats from climate change, ocean acidification, pollution, and habitat destruction. These threats can diminish the populations of sponges which can result in disruption of the ecosystem. Protecting sponges is crucial for maintaining the health and resilience of marine ecosystems, as they provide numerous ecological benefits that support the balance of life beneath the surface. Further research into sponge ecology and conservation is essential for sustaining these important organisms and their critical functions in the ocean. 

 

The first step one should take in conservation biology of sponges is education. In the classroom I am taking the approach of learning through research. For this purpose, in the beginning of the lesson, the students are first introduced to the structure and anatomy of the sponges using 3D models or virtual tours of sponge anatomy to give students a more interactive experience. Then we start with a brief review of their taxonomy. Then the students are divided into groups with the task of creating posters. The posters are about the connection of sponges with other organisms, their role in the ecosystem as well as the challenges and threats (like climate change, pollution, or overfishing) these organisms face and the mechanisms that should be taken to preserve their habitats.