Strengthening climate science for policy in Africa: Open Science, low-cost data collection, and multi-level policy integration

Open science is pivotal in advancing climate services in Africa by fostering collaboration, transparency, and innovation. However, significant barriers, such as coordinated research infrastructures, restricted data access and the absence of standardized protocols, impede the development and full utilization of climate services across the continent. The policy cooperation component of the KADI project underscores the critical role of translating science into policy for African climate science. Rapid urbanization and high vulnerability to climate change across all landscapes and sectors demand actionable, locally relevant insights. Science-driven policies empower decision-makers to address cross-sectoral resilience, and adaptation, ensuring sustainable growth while protecting communities from climate risks. We will highlight ways to overcome these challenges by integrating open science,locally driven research and capacity-building into climate services. This allows vulnerable communities to define their needs and participate in developing solutions.

Community-driven approaches such as "citizen sensors" illustrate the transformative potential of leveraging Africa’s digitally skilled youth. For example, participatory air quality campaigns in Cape Town and community mapping projects led by university students in Dar es Salaam highlight how low-cost tools and public engagement can generate robust, critically needed data while promoting local ownership. To replicate and scale such initiatives, standardized data formats, open-access principles, and supportive policy frameworks are essential. 

Knowledge exchange and training are foundational to achieve these goals. Initiatives like the African Group on Earth Observations provide the potential for cross-regional collaboration and skill development. Enhanced exchange programs for scientists, policymakers, and researchers can bridge gaps in expertise and resources, fostering innovative solutions tailored to African contexts. Investments in technical training and mentorship programs for multiple stakeholders such as meteorologists and climatologists will further empower African professionals to lead these climate service projects. 

Policy integration is crucial for embedding climate services into governance frameworks. African policymakers require robust, localized scientific evidence to design effective policies and strengthen their role in international negotiations. Timely, comprehensive, and actionable data must inform decision-making at all levels, addressing the unique needs of rapidly growing cities and diverse stakeholder groups. 

Long-term funding and sustainability are critical challenges that must be addressed through integrated funding mechanisms, public-private partnerships, and south-south collaborations. Successful examples like the Resilience Academy piloted in the KADI project demonstrate the importance of connecting existing networks, providing technical training, and maintaining research infrastructure to ensure continuity. 

Finally, the long-term success of observational networks in Africa requires multi-actor engagement. Collaborative efforts involving youth, civil society, local authorities, and private sector actors can foster inclusive, context-sensitive solutions. By connecting existing resources, scaling proven initiatives, and prioritizing transdisciplinary approaches, Africa can strengthen its leadership and ownership in designing a climate observation network that addresses its unique challenges. This vision aligns with commitments outlined in the AU-EU partnership and highlights the importance of equitable funding, open data access, and data-supported decision-making in building resilience to climate change and advancing sustainable development in Africa.