Groundwater-surface water interfaces are crucial for the continuity of aquifer-river and aquifer-lake systems. These interfaces include various interconnected zones such as hyporheic zones, benthic zones, riparian corridors, and lake sediments, where bidirectional interactions between surface water and aquifer occur. Current research focuses on the effects of water exchange on the transport and transformation of nutrients, microplastics, and pollutants. It also addresses the control of heat, oxygen, and organic matter budgets available to microorganisms and macroinvertebrates in sediments. However, further investigation is needed to establish a comprehensive understanding of the physical, biogeochemical, and ecological processes occurring at groundwater-surface water interfaces, and their implications for fluvial ecology and limnology. Furthermore, it is essential to consider how exchange fluxes respond to environmental and climate factors at different spatial and temporal scales, such as river channels, allu