Shale oil, as one of the most important unconventional oil and gas resources, has become the key target of oil and gas exploration in recent years. The Fengcheng formation in Mahu Sag is the best source rock in the sag, which has great potential for shale oil resources and is the key area for shale oil exploration in Junggar Basin.

Volcanic activity was frequent during the sedimentary period of Fengcheng Formation in the northern part of Mahu Sag. The sediments are mainly composed of tuff material of volcanic activity, evaporation material of caustic lake and a small amount of detrital material. The terrigenous detrital material mainly comes from long-distance transport, while the pyroclastic material is closely related to the proximal volcanic activity. The lithofacies development of shale is characterized by frequent overlapping of various lithologies, diverse combination types and rapid changes. The microfabric of fine-grained sedimentary rocks is characterized, the lithofacies types of fine-grained sedimentary rocks are summarized, and the assemblage relationship and development law of lithofacies in different environments are analyzed. The formation process of lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks is discussed from the perspective of provenance supply and sedimentary dynamics, and the lithofacies development model of fine-grained sedimentary rocks is established. To a certain extent, the theory of lacustrine sedimentology is enriched and perfected, and it can also provide basic geological basis for tight oil exploration in this area.

How to cite: zhuang, Y.: The origin and lithofacies development characteristics of fine particle composition in the shale of the second member of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-4626, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-4626, 2025.

Abstract：Lake deltas are located in the complex zone of lake and river interaction, influenced by the dual effects of material exchange between the two. There are not only climate and water level influences, but also topography and geomorphology and waves and other lake hydrodynamic influences, resulting in a more complex lake delta evolution process. To explore the sedimentary characteristics and the impact of lake dynamics during different stages of delta development under the influence of coast current, the Muhuahe Delta in Daihai Lake is taken as the study object for modern sedimentary investigations. Through the analysis of high-precision satellite photos and the interpretation of profile information collected by UAV oblique photography, the sedimentary evolution of the delta in the study area was analyzed in detail. The results show that delta deposits are developed in the eastern gentle slope zone of Daihai, and the delta front subfacies are widely distributed. The profile shows that the sand bodies are affected by strong hydrodynamics, and a large number of wave-formed structures are developed and lateral migration is obvious on the plane. Satellite remote sensing data suggest the sedimentary sand bodies' development and distribution characteristics, indicating the control of coast current in the development and evolution of the delta. The delta is asymmetric, with well-developed sand dams at the delta front, growing parallel to the shoreline. Although influenced by provenance supply, during this period, the delta is controlled by littoral currents, and its expansion toward the lake basin is suppressed. Generally, coast current plays a significant role in modifying the plane distribution and scale of the delta front sand bodies. Reservoir heterogeneity is often generated due to different dominant hydrodynamic conditions, providing a reference for further exploration into the influence of coast current on reservoir development and distribution.

Keywords: coast current; gentle slope delta; sedimentary evolution

How to cite: Jiang, Y.: Sedimentary Evolution and Morphological Characteristics of Modern Lake Shoreline Delta under the Influence of Coast Current, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-4736, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-4736, 2025.

Coastal areas and related sedimentary environments are remarkable providers of valuable information about climatic changes and sea level oscillations. Lake Mert was formed as a shallow Black Sea coastal lagoon that contains various mixtures of marine and freshwater sources. This study presents sedimentological, geochemical and paleontological analyses of five sediment cores recovered from the lake which has been severely influenced by sea level change and local climate over the last 6.5 cal. ka BP. The environmental and climatic records obtained by multi-proxy analyses of the cores (µ-XRF, total organic carbon, stable isotope, pollen analysis and foram content) that are confidently correlated with other regional and global climate signals. In addition, Lake Mert also remains a challenge to identify and quantify dynamic changes in time on the coastal plain, thus, it possibly reflects hydrologic changes in the Black Sea since the middle Holocene. Analysis of lithology together with paleontological content of the studied cores reveal three main depositional units, each of them indicates varying areal facies distribution due to highly dynamic depositional settings in lake. Accordingly, the main lithofacies in the cores from bottom to top are defined as a relict lacustrine sediment older than 6.5 cal. ka BP (Unit 3), coastal and deltaic facies deposited between 6.5 to 4.5 cal. ka BP (Unit 2) and the younger lagoon-marine sediment (Unit 1).

Moreover, the correlation of well-dated sedimentological and geochemical proxies with the sea level and sea surface salinity records from the Black Sea allows us differentiate various phases of hydrologic changes due to connections with the Lake Mert during the middle-to-late Holocene. Our preliminary results suggest that the relict Mert Lake was first invaded by the Black Sea waters prior to 6.5 cal. ka BP, and then remained its fully connection until ~5.3 cal. ka BP due to subsequent inflow of the Mediterranean Sea via Bosporus. Furthermore, the decelerated sea level rise between 5.3 and 4.5 cal. ka BP gave rise to return semi-closed lagoon phase, restricting mixture with the Black Sea waters as inferred from stable oxygen isotope record. The later period, particularly after 3.5 cal. ka BP, was associated with more Euryhaline condition in the lake based on the paleontological content of the core sediment. The local climate changes are recorded in Lake Mert as a wet period between 6.5 and 4.5 cal. ka BP, a dry period between 4.5 and 2.9 cal. ka BP and wetter period after 2.9 cal. ka BP, respectively.

How to cite: Yakupoglu, C., Eriş, K. K., Karlıoğlu Kılıç, N., Yılmaz Dağdeviren, R., Nazik, A., Acar, D., Yakupoğlu, N., Sabuncu, A., and Kırkan, E.: Middle-to-Late Holocene Climate Change in Lagoon Lake Mert (NW Black Sea) and Its Hydrological Connection with the Black Sea: evidences from multi-proxy records , EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-4788, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-4788, 2025.

On the basis of core observation and description, multi-scale microscopic analysis and related reservoir physical property analysis, the petrological characteristics, reservoir characteristics and diagenetic characteristics of the Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in the central area of Junggar Basin are systematically studied, and the diagenetic evolution sequence of the reservoir is further established. The results show that the reservoir in the studied interval has undergone three diagenetic processes: compaction, cementation and dissolution during its development and evolution after burial. The reservoir mainly goes through two stages: early burial compaction and late tectonic compression. There are various types of cementation, including carbonate, siliceous, clay mineral, gypsum and anhydrite. The overall intensity of dissolution in the reservoir is low, and it mainly develops in the interior or edge of easily soluble components such as feldspar and rock cuttings, and also develops in the edge of clay mineral bonding. Diagenetic evolution sequence of the reservoir in the study area is as follows: early calcite cementation - early chlorite cementation - acid dissolution/quartz enlargement/kaolinite cementation - illite cementation - gypsum/anhydrite cementation - late calcite cementation - iron calcite/iron dolomite cementation, mechanical compaction has developed in the whole burial evolution process.

How to cite: Guo, T. and Zhang, L.: Reservoir characteristics and diagenetic evolution of Lower Jurassic Sangonghe Formation in the hinterland of Junggar Basin, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-4748, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-4748, 2025.

Deep marine carbonate rocks in the Tarim Basin, Northwest China, have significant burial depths, ancient ages, and complex diagenetic evolution. Multi-stage tectonic activities and periodic sea-level changes create unconformities that expose carbonate rocks, resulting in interlayer, syn-sedimentary, and epigenetic karst systems. These processes, along with host rock composition and faulting, shape carbonate reservoir distribution and properties. Dissolution is most intense in shallow water grainstones and packstones, where fracturing enhances fluid flow, serving as both reservoirs and migration pathways. Consequently, carbonate reservoir characteristics in the northern Tarim Basin vary systematically from north to south, shaped by variations in unconformity size, diagenetic patterns and fault activity intensity, reflecting the basin’s evolution from deposition to deep burial. In the Yakela area, the northernmost region, significant uplift and erosion have exposed Cambrian, sometimes even Sinian bedrocks beneath Cretaceous layers, forming buried hill dolomite reservoirs. Moving south to the Tahe area, a paleokarstic erosion zone has developed large-scale dissolved fracture-cavity reservoirs due to the combined effects of faulting, surface karstification, and river system development near the base Carboniferous erosion surface. Further south, in the Tahe slope zone, reservoirs are shaped by a combination of dissolution and faulting, with bedding-parallel dissolution pores and enlarged fractures becoming more prominent as proximity to the paleoerosion surface decreases. This reflects a decrease in karstification intensity and an increase in fault-induced fluid pathways. In the Shunbei area where marine carbonates are deeply buried, structural features such as fault slip surfaces and open fractures dominate reservoir formation, with tectonic activity and fluid flow through fractures driving diagenetic alterations. The spatial variations in diagenetic pathways—from initial deposition and uplift in the north to deep burial in the south—highlight the interplay of dissolution, tectonics, and fluid migration across varying depths and time scales, providing insights into the mechanisms that control carbonate reservoir formation and evolution globally.

How to cite: Fan, T.: Orderly variations in the spatial and geological characteristics of carbonate reservoirs in the northern Tarim Basin, China, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-7580, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-7580, 2025.

Calcareous nannofossils are essential for age dating and studying environmental changes. These microscopic (1–20µm) calcitic cell-wall fossils coverings are abundant in most post-Paleozoic marine sedimentary rocks, providing a continuous stratigraphic record of biotic change. This study aims to document the stratigraphic occurrence of calcareous nannofossils at the wide-spread shallow marine carbonates of related to the Qom Formation in the Nargesan, Band, and Qaleh-Gabri sections, southeast of Kerman province (East of Central Iran Basin). Samples were collected at 50-100cm intervals from the marly parts of the section to basal part of the Upper Red Formation. To preserve the small-sized coccoliths, samples were processed using simple smear slide method. The prepared slides were examined with an Olympus BX53 light microscope using cross-polarized light at a magnification 1500-2000X. Gypsum and Quartz plates were used to identify various species. In this study employed the standard calcareous nannofossil zonation by Martini 1971 for the Oligocene sediments. The studied interval ranges from the Lowest Appearance (LA) of Sphenolithus ciperoensis species to the Highest Appearance (HA) of the Sphenolithus distentus, corresponding to the NP24 zone defined by Martini 1971. The calcareous nannofossil assemblages exhibit moderate diversity and frequency, with moderately to well-preserved nannofossil specimens observed, such as: Sphenolithus ciperoensis, Sphenolithus conicus, Sphenolithus moriformis, Zygrhablithus bijugatus bijugatus, Helicosphaera recta, Helicosphaera euphratis, Reticulofenestra bisecta, Reticulofenestra dictyoda, Reticulofenestra minuta, Cyclicargolithus floridanus, Cyclicargolithus abisectus, Coccolithus pelagicus, Braarudosphaera bigelowii, etc. According to the above-mentioned calcareous nannofossil assemblages, the age of late Rupelian can be assigned for the studied samples from the surface sections. Furthermore, the high-resolution study of calcareous nannofossils indicates a significant decrease in the abundance and diversity of Oligocene nannofossils, mirroring trends observed at other low and middle latitudes sites. This record of calcareous nannofossils and bioevents provides valuable insights into the paleoenvironments of thatperiod. This research marks the first report of nannofossils from shallow-water carbonates (related to the Qom Formation) from Jiroft-Kerman area.

References

Martini, E. (1971) Standard Tertiary and Quaternary Calcareous Nannoplankton Zonation. Proceedings of the 2nd Planktonic Conference, Roma, 1970, 739-785.

How to cite: kiani shahvandi, M., Parandavar, M., and Heinz, P.: Investigation of shallow-water carbonate distributions related to the QomFormation in distant sections of the type area, southeast of Kerman, Iran: insight to calcareous nannofossils, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-7029, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-7029, 2025.

How to cite: Gkogkis, K. and Valyrakis, M.: Siphon-Enhanced Micro-Hydroelectric System: Harnessing Elevated Flow Rates for Improved Power Generation, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-2380, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-2380, 2025.

This research explores the transport dynamics of floating macro-plastics in riverine environments using drones for monitoring. Controlled flume experiments were conducted to evaluate the roles of vegetation density and release position on the movement and retention of plastic debris. Aerial imagery (captured by a DJI Mini 3 drone) was analyzed to determine transport patterns, revealing that plastics released in central flow zones moved faster with lower retention, while those near densely vegetated riparian areas experienced slower transport and higher trapping rates.
The findings demonstrate drones’ effectiveness in monitoring plastic pollution, providing a practical alternative to traditional methods in areas difficult to access. These insights emphasize the critical role of riparian vegetation in influencing plastic movement and retention, offering opportunities to design interventions that target pollution hotspots [1,2]. The study highlights the promise of drone-based approaches in advancing our understanding of plastic transport processes and informs strategies to mitigate the environmental impacts of plastic waste. Future research could enhance these findings by integrating drone data with other monitoring systems and refining analytical techniques for natural environments.

References
[1] van Emmerik T, Roebroek CTJ, de Wit W, Krooshof E, van Zoelen C, Fujita Y, Bruinsma J, Treilles R, Kieu-Le TC, Elshafie A, Christensen ND, Biermann L, Hees J, Meijer LJJ (2023) Seasonal dynamics of riverine macroplastic pollution, Nature Water, 1, 51-58
 
[2] Valyrakis M, Gilja G, Liu D, Latessa G (2024) Transport of Floating Plastics through the Fluvial Vector: The Impact of Riparian Zones, Water, 16, 1098

How to cite: Kaloudis, G. and Valyrakis, M.: Harnessing Aerial Imaging Techniques to Monitor the Transport of Floating Macro-Plastics in Fluvial Systems, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-2558, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-2558, 2025.

The built environment (BE) across various sectors faces significant challenges due to increasing deterioration, ageing infrastructure, extreme climatic conditions, rising urban populations, and limited financial resources [1]. Digital transformation offers the potential to revolutionize current practices for managing and sharing key information, improving decision-making processes and enabling more efficient and sustainable BE in the long term. However, despite recent advancements in technology, critical infrastructure systems within the BE continue to rely on traditional management approaches in terms of technology, organizational structure, and institutional frameworks. Consequently, they fail to fully leverage emerging technologies that could enable advanced resource and risk management through real-time data integration and enahnced analytical methods.

Adopting technologies associated with Infrastructure 4.0 (CI4.0) [2] can accelerate the digitalization of BE, with a particular focus on infrastructure systems. This study highlights the foundational elements of a next-generation BE designed to foster an interconnected and collaborative ecosystem focused on cities, infrastructure, and societies. Several case studies are explored, including large residential developments, transportation networks, and buildings, demonstrating the transformative potential of digitalization in delivering real-time information to stakeholders, thereby enhancing decision-making processes.

These efforts rely on the acquisition of real-time data from the environment to predict both current and future conditions of the BE. For instance, advanced microcontrollers are utilized to monitor the declining performance of ageing infrastructure over waterways and to measure flood levels in real-time. Datasets are processed on high-performance cloud-based systems, utilizing deep learning algorithms to forecast infrastructure conditions and climatic risks. In emergency scenarios, such as river overflows, flash floods, or infrastructure failures, the system generates timely alerts. Moreover, predictive models provide early warnings about infrastructure deterioration, enabling critical stakeholders to respond proactively and adapt societal operations accordingly.

References

[1] Michalis, P., Vintzileou, E. (2022). The Growing Infrastructure Crisis: The Challenge of Scour Risk Assessment and the Development of a New Sensing System. Infrastructures, 7(5), 68. https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7050068

[2] Xu, Y., AlObaidi, K., Michalis, P. and Valyrakis, M. (2020). Monitoring the potential for bridge protections destabilization, using instrumented particles. Proceedings of the International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics River Flow, Delft, The Netherlands, 7–10 July 2020; pp. 1-8. eBook ISBN 9781003110958.

How to cite: Michalis, P., Konstantinidis, F., Katika, T., Michalis, A., and Valyrakis, M.: Leveraging Digital-Physical Integration for Enhanced Infrastructure Management, EGU General Assembly 2025, Vienna, Austria, 27 Apr–2 May 2025, EGU25-16062, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-16062, 2025.