The GRINS Italian Large Datasets on Air Quality, Climate and Emissions for the Period 2013-2023

Air quality in Italy is a major concern due to elevated pollutant concentrations, particularly in the northern regions during the winter period. Within the GRINS (Growing Resilient, Inclusive and Sustainable) project (www.grins.it), Italy aims to foster the digital transition and support decision-making within a data-driven framework. In this context, we collected air quality, climate, and emissions data for the Italian territory covering the period 2013–2023. Air quality data were obtained from ground-based monitoring stations, climate data from the ERA5 reanalysis, and emissions data from the CAMS-REG-ANT inventory. By integrating these data sources, we produced high-resolution maps of NO2 concentrations over the entire Italian territory, with daily temporal resolution on a regular 0.05° × 0.05° grid. The maps include both predicted concentrations and associated uncertainty estimates. The statistical model adopted is Fixed Rank Kriging, which is well suited for large datasets. The high-resolution maps were subsequently aggregated to the municipal level to ensure spatial consistency with other datasets available at the same administrative scale, such as health statistics. In addition to air quality data, we provide municipal-level estimates of climate variables and emissions for the same period, also at daily resolution. The dataset is freely available on Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/records/17605148) with almost 1000 downloads after few months. The corresponding code is accessible on GitHub. The data products are suitable for a wide range of applications at the intersection of environmental exposure, public health, and social impact assessment.