Mapping the distribution of coffee agroecosystems in Indonesia from 2016 to 2024

Indonesia is currently the third major producers of coffee in the world, with approximately 20% of its exports destined for European Union (EU) markets. Recent policy developments, such as the EU Deforestation Regulation (EU-DR), impose stringent traceability requirements on coffee imports to EU, requiring spatially explicit linkage between coffee products and their production area. Consequently, there is an urgent need for accurate coffee mapping to support compliance, monitoring, and benchmarking. In this study, we map coffee distribution across Indonesia using multi-temporal imageries, by integrating optical imageries from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS) dataset, radar imageries from Sentinel-1, and auxiliary environmental data (i.e., topography and distance to human settlement) using Random Forest classification in Google Earth Engine. Specifically, we aim to (1) produce annual maps of monoculture and coffee agroforestry distribution from 2016 to 2024 and (2) assess coffee-related land use changes over this period. The resulting maps will provide critical information on regional coffee distribution to support sustainable land management and future carbon modelling.