Innovative, wireless system for autonomous monitoring of concentration of gases emitted from decommissioned mine shafts

The reclaiming and rehabilitation of post-mining areas require a comprehensive review of environmental hazards, specifically the residual emission of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from inactive mine shafts. This paper addresses the significant research gap regarding the long-term supervision of these emissions. While the potential for reusing post-mining land is high, the lack of continuous monitoring data of abandoned shafts poses unpredictable risks to both the environment and human safety. 

In response to the challenges identified in this overview, a concept of an innovative, autonomous, and wireless measurement system has been developed to verify and monitor gas concentrations at the surface of decommissioned shafts. The system, built on a Raspberry Pi platform, utilizes barometric CH4, and CO2 sensors to collect data. This data is transmitted every 5 minutes via a GSM/GPRS network and stored locally in a data cloud. Subsequent analysis is performed using MATLAB to visualize and evaluate changes in gas concentrations. The entire device is protected from adverse weather conditions with a custom-designed 3D-printed enclosure and silicone insulation. It is also equipped with an emergency power supply. 

The system's functionality was successfully confirmed in laboratory tests, where it accurately detected an increased concentration of CO2, validating the feasibility of autonomous detection. 

This study bridges the gap between theoretical risk assessment and practical application. It demonstrates that the introduction of continuous, autonomous monitoring systems is not merely a technical upgrade, but a necessary methodological shift crucial for enhancing the safety and success of post-mining reclamation areas. 

Keywords: Reclamation, post-mining, methane, carbon dioxide, monitoring, gas emissions