The connection between the long-lived initial vortex aloft and the tornado near the surface.

One of the important problems in atmospheric physics that has remained unresolved to the present time is the problem of the formation and evolution of tornado-like vortices near the surface.
In the present work, the process of formation and evolution of tornado-like vortices near the surface is investigated as a result of the evolution of a long-lived vortex formed at some altitude under thunderstorm cloud conditions.

A two-dimensional axisymmetric model is considered, in which the initial vorticity is maintained by an external force. The influence of the temperature field on the evolution of vorticity near the surface is examined. It is found that at relatively short times, the behavior of the forming tornado-like vortices near the surface is universal and only weakly dependent on the external force and the temperature field. Nevertheless, with time, their influence becomes significant. It is shown that an anomaly in the vertical temperature distribution leads to the result that a tornado-like vortex formed near the surface can exist for a long time.