Weak-shock analysis of the acoustic signals generated by the OSIRIS-REx re-entry

The OSIRIS-REx sample return capsule re-entry provided a unique, controlled opportunity to study atmospheric shock wave propagation from a high-altitude source. Unlike natural meteoroids, which often undergo complex fragmentation and ablation, the capsule offered a stable source for characterizing specific acoustic generation mechanisms. We utilize infrasound data recorded by a regional network of ground-based sensors to analyze the acoustic signature associated with the descent. This study employs a semi-analytical weak-shock approach developed for a cylindrical line source to evaluate signal evolution as the wavefront propagates through the atmosphere. We examine the applicability of established shock theories to the recorded data, comparing theoretical predictions with the observed waveforms. The analysis explores the relationship between source characteristics and observations, providing a framework for better understanding the physics of non-fragmenting and non-ablating entries. These findings have broader implications for the monitoring and characterization of space debris, artificial re-entries, and meteoroids using infrasound stations. 
SNL is managed and operated by NTESS under DOE NNSA contract DE-NA0003525. Cleared for release.