ERA5 Analysis (1940-2024) of Vertical Thermodynamic and Moisture Variability over Prague (1940-2024)

This contribution analyses temporal changes in thermodynamic variables, namely temperature, geopotential heights of pressure levels, specific cloud ice water content, specific cloud liquid water content, specific humidity, specific rain water content, and specific snow water content, as a function of ground temperature. The analysis is based on ERA5 reanalysis data extracted at the geographic coordinates 50.0° N, 15.0° E for the period 1940–2024, covering pressure levels from 1000 to 300 hPa and synoptic times at 00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC. The selected location corresponds to the city of Prague, Czech Republic. The objective of the study is to investigate whether the vertical profiles of the listed variables exhibit temporal changes and how these changes relate to increasing ground temperature. Particular attention is given to variations in gaseous humidity, liquid water, and solid-phase water within the vertical atmospheric column, and to their dependence on season and time of day.