A novel performance-based metric for revealing the resilience-enhancing effects of green infrastructure

Climate change and urbanization exacerbate flooding and pose challenges to the development of sustainable cities. Mitigation measures for flood resilience improvement and risk reduction, such as green infrastructure, have attracted stakeholders’ attention. It is essential to accurately examine how flood resilience is affected by these strategies. Existing performance-based flood resilience metrics neglect the enhanced ability of the physical environment to manage flood threats once GI has been deployed, which hinders the accurate revelation of the resilience-related effects of GI. This study proposed a novel performance-based metric integrating the resilience-enhancing effects of GI and performed comparative analyses to accurately reveal the effects of GI. The results suggest that GI enhances system performance in severely inundated areas. The in-situ impacts of the GI are more pronounced in terms of the most unfavorable state of the system's functioning, recovery from the most unfavorable state to the equilibrium state, and adaptation and recovery rates from flooding.