CFDID v1.0: A China Flood Disaster Impacts Database (1949-2023)

China is among the countries most severely affected by flood disasters worldwide, and many studies estimate that China accounts for the largest share of global direct economic flood losses. However, a long-term, comprehensive and open database on flood disaster impacts in China has been lacking. In this study, we construct the China Flood Disaster Impacts Database (CFDID, 1949–2023) based on more than 80 official Chinese disaster yearbooks, using optical character recognition (OCR) and large language model (LLM) techniques for data extraction and structuring. The database contains over 15,000 flood disaster events from 1949 to 2023, covering five major flood types and 11 impact indicators. The direct economic losses recorded in CFDID account for more than 70% of the officially reported national flood losses (1991-2023), indicating a high degree of coverage and representativeness. CFDID provides a solid data foundation for future research on flood risk, impacts and adaptation in China. Moreover, the data collection framework developed in this study can also be extended to other countries and regions.