On the eve of the 90th anniversary of Alfred Wegener’s last Greenland expedition, we review the challenges of modelling and continuously observing Greenland weather and climate. The high topographic relief of coastal Greenland; extreme weather; ocean and sea ice interactions and the presence of an ice sheet make weather and climate modelling in Greenland extremely challenging. Significant improvements in NWP and climate modelling have been made in recent years by focusing on cloud physics, precipitation schemes and surface snow schemes. The development and deployment of new non-hydrostatic models at unprecedentedly high resolution is promising for improving forecasts of phenomena such as piteraqs and tip jets and improvements in precipitation distribution. A specific challenge is how best to incorporate and assimilate observations. We focus not just on operational weather forecasting, but on relevant processes and observations. We welcome contributions examining data assimilation. With increasing attention paid to Arctic climate change, we also welcome presentations on the challenges of communicating to stakeholders including the Greenlandic public, journalists and politicians. The use of operational data in near real-time as a communication tool has interesting examples from the http://polarportal.dk or the US NSIDC website http://nsidc.org/greenland-today/.